June 1960

YOSEMITE VOLUME XXXIX — NUMBER 6 JUNE 1960 IN MEMORIAM

John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 1874 - 1960 "Truly, he was a guardian saint over these national treasures.... Our nation is stronger because he was with us and the good he accomplished will never be lost."

CONRAD L. WIRTH DIRECTOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE IN COOPERATION WITH THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE.

This is one of the world's finest forests. The few Sequoias grow within one of the heaviest remaining stands of virgin Sugar Pine. Half the cost of over 3 million dollars was donated in 1930 by John D. Rockefeller, Jr., to acquire this grove and the surrounding Sugar Pine forest for park purposes. --Interpretive sign in the Tuolumne Grove of Sequoias Cover — Sugar Pine — McCrary, NPS

Since 1922, the monthly publication of the National Park Service and the Yosemite Natural History Association in Yosemite National Park. John C. Preston, Park Superintendent Douglass H. Hubbard, Park Naturalist Robert F. Upton, Associate Park Naturalist Paul F. McCrary, Assistant Park Naturalist Herbert D. Cornell, junior Park Naturalist Keith A. Trexler, Park Naturalist Trainee

XXXIX JUNE 1960 NO. 6 THE CASE OF THE CRIPPLED DEER

Lloyd W. Brubaker, Ranger-Naturalist A face that was turned up to me lecture on nature 's ways, but the eyes with tears very close to lesson was here and it had to be surface. There was a quality of taught. A there too. "Why don ' t you do "Supposing we go and catch that something about it? She was so deer. We 'd have to rope her like a hurt, and she was hurt. She ' s out cow and throw her on the ground in the meadow," she said and sit on her just to look at the injury. injury. Suppose we had to break her leg again just to set it straight. Do A young visitor who had accost you think she 'd understand that we me at the lodge had an urgent were trying to help and not be way to help a limping deer in the frightened nearly to death. Suppose meadow. Her parents stood back too that she were going to have a with a sort of apologetic smile, but fawn. Do you suppose that a cripled some of the urgency had rubbed off mother could care for her young them too. I sat down on a bench as well as a healthy doe? How big pushed my hat back. It was a hot would the hospital have to be to "Did she have a fawn? " I inquired. care for all of the injured and sick "She did not. She wasn 't bleeding animals in Yosemite? " These quesher. It looked like an old injury tions caused her to think a moment. father said. I nodded and thought Her parents sensing the need for it over. Terms like law of survival, calmness sat down too and listened. and balance of nature flitted through my mind. The sound of a speeding Nature. How she carefully selected auto out on the roadway could be the mothers and the fathers of the heard, and it fitted in somehow. But forest. How she selected only the strongest and largest. How she se-

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lected only those deer, squirrels, jays who had the best to pass on and they would eat the food that those who were slow, small, weak, would become ill and we would have and not desirable parents? Well, this nothing but second-rate deer. We is what we sometimes think of as the would have many more deer to feel sad part. These weaker animals pro- sorry for. Our animal hospital would vide the necessary food for the coy- have to be even larger. ote, fox, puma, and bear. Mice that The young visitor listened, her are weak or injured are food for the become thoughtful. "She wanted snake, just like the snake that is be helped. She limped over to nurse," weak will fall prey to the hawk, and she said, as if thinking outloud. I so on. In this way nature keeps the nodded again and stood up. so on. In this way nature keeps the animals of the forest vigorous and "Yes, nature 's laws seem hard when we think of one, or even dozen, crippled deer. But we must think of all of the deer. We must even think of the fawn that the crippled might have. It wouldn ' t be fair to that fawn have a mother that might birth. It 's better to leave the whole situation alone and let nature handle things. She really knows best."

As I walked away, through the little group that had collected, I heard remarks here and there. The terms "balance of nature ", "survival of fittest ", and "mother nature knows best " could be heard. I grinned happily at the next passing visitor who grinned back. A naturalist certainly has his good days, sometimes.

CLOUDY DAY

Ted R. McVey, Ranger-Naturalist Clouds all day overhead. The grey of the clouds blends with the canyon walls to produce one vast grey umbrella. The sun finally began to poke holes in the tent above; seeking out the highest peaks first. Half Dome wears a crown of gold to stand out above all else.

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ELDERBERRIES OF YOSEMITE

Robert W. Crippin, Ranger-Naturalist In Yosemite National Park there are two principal species of elderberry: (Sambucus mexicana) and the red (Sambucus melanocarpa).

The leaves are from five to eight inches long and are arranged in leaflets of five to nine. They are the blue elderberry leaves. The leaf edges are sharply and finely serrated. The foliage is dark green above and a paler green below. Some blue elderberries have smooth leaves and stems whereas others are slightly hairy or pubescent.

In late summer the plant is an unattractive, scraggly bush on account of its habit of dying back, and its thicket-like growth.

The blue elderberry grows as a shrub or small tree. It varies in height from 5 feet to 30 feet, depending on environmental conditions. It generally has a multiple trunk and a spreading round crown. The plant sprouts readily.

It is found in the upper Sonoran and Transition zones. It is usually solitary among other trees on the valley floor or moist hillsides, as well as along the edge of the streams. This lack of gregariousness is the more remarkable in that reproduction is fully provided.

The wood is pithy, soft and was little valued by the white man. However, the Indians put it to many uses. The California Indians called it "the tree of music", for of it they made their flutes, and the flute was the instrument of the Indian when he went courting. This was the only true musical instrument made by the Indians of California. It was played by blowing across the edge of one end. The elder sticks for flutes were cut when green in early spring and left to dry with the leaves on the stem. Then four flute holes were bored with a red-hot stick, but at random so that no two flutes had the same scale!

The elderberry is a semi-deciduous shrub which is not considered outstanding except when it is in flower or covered with its blue berries. It is densely foliaged with large green leaves in spring and summer. The leaves, silhouetted against the light tan bark, form a study in contrasts. It is particularly beautiful when its rounded crown is covered with great masses of flat-topped flower clusters that measure six to twelve inches across. Each flower of the cluster is shaped and they are white or cream colored.

The plant is again attractive when covered by purplish-black berries covered with a chalky bloom. When the juicy berries are ripe it becomes a rendezvous for the jays, doves, pigeons, and other birds.

The red elderberry is between two and four feet high. It is plentiful at Tenaya Lake, Merced Lake and Washburn Lake. It is especially common on the margins of streams in Yosemite National Park at elevations of from 7000 to 10,500 feet.

The leaves are narrowly oblong, sessile and compound. They vary

It differs from the blue elderberry in having dome-shaped flower clusters instead of flat-topped ones, and in having a red berry instead of a blue-black one. It is a thick spreading shrub and is usually from one to three feet high. The foliage is bright green and smooth.

The fragrant flower clusters are, as mentioned above, one to three inches wide and bear cream-colored flowers. The fruit is about one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter and grouped in beautiful large red clusters.

The red elderberry was not used much by the Indians because of inaccessibility and in most cases is unknown to the white man for the same reason.

YOSEMITE THE EVENING GROSBEAK

By Homer Crider

The past year seems to have been an auspicious year for birds of this species in the Cascades area below Yosemite Valley. Evening grosbeaks (Hesperiphona vespertina) appeared in June, then seemed to disappear during July, only to reappear again in August in accentuated numbers and with young birds in the flocks.

One attraction seems to be coffee berries on which they feed several times daily. The berry bushes around our home get extra water and consequently are of good size and evidently quite delectable. The fact that the best bushes grow within 12 feet of the house windows makes it easy and interesting to be an observer.

Evening grosbeaks are quite sociable and twitter constantly while feeding. They pull the berries from the bush and remove the skin and pulp by coming down with the edge of their beaks. This is quite a messy job and the under part of the bill has to be wiped against a limb from time to time. With the pulp removed, they then crack the berries to get the kernel inside. Quite a bit of energy is required for this. They seem to fling the seed around and try various positions before the chisel action of the beak finds the point of structural weakness in the seed.

The male bird makes it his business to see that the young birds get plenty. The young ones try to feed themselves, however, to a limited extent.

At one time the writer approached within 4 feet of a young bird before it flew. Just prior to this there was in the flock, old and young.

A female tanager was seen hovering around the edge of the flock, but she was somewhat shy and apparently did not trust the grosbeaks any great extent. She did not have the knack of handling seeds with the facility of the grosbeaks. The latter prefers ripe berries while the grosbeaks go for the greener fruit.

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OBSERVATIONS OF THE TAHOE CHIPMUNK

Howard H. Cofer, Ranger-Naturalist

While chipmunks are seen only frequently in Yosemite Valley, they are present in large numbers and are seen often, since they are diurnal in nature, at elevations above the valley rim.

The Tahoe Chipmunk, Eutamias ciosus frater (Allen), is the species found at Glacier Point, elevation 7,214 feet, which is in the Canadian Life Zone. Its range also covers the Hudsonian Life Zone, since it is found up to over 10,000 feet. The Sierra Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrel also occurs at Glacier Point and most visitors refer to both animals as chipmunks. Both animals have stripes on the body but the stripes include the face in the chipmunk. Furthermore, the sharp pointed nose is not to be found in any ground squirrel.

The Tahoe Chipmunk is the only chipmunk found in Yosemite which occasionally takes refuge well up in trees. It will often climb many feet above the ground at the first sign of danger. When an animal which has been frightened reaches a considerable distance above the ground, it will usually lie quietly on top of a branch while it peers down. It often does much running around in trees even when not frightened. The Tahoe chipmunk is able to run up and down smooth-barked trees with ease but does not jump from limb to limb, and only for very short distances. There seems to be no reason as far as physical structure is concerned to prevent other species of chipmunks from climbing trees, in fact some do so occasionally. The apparent preference for trees as a habitat by the Tahoe species may have come about through age-long competition with other species for a favorable habitat.

Two chipmunks often engage in play-like activity which usually involves pursuit of one another. They may take them over and under logs through brush, over and around rocks, across open areas, and often around and up and down tree trunks.

Once while sitting on a log observing their antics, one ran under my legs. The pursuing chipmunk stopped short and "froze" only a couple of feet away. It was impossible for me to be sure if the little animal was even breathing. When the observer could remain motionless no longer, the chipmunk "broke" and ran rapidly away. It is doubtful if this type of activity is related to courting behavior since it occurs at all seasons and young, immature individuals are also involved. It sometimes appears as though an adult were making an effort to get a younger individual to run by literally prodding it along.

The chipmunk has cheek pouches into which food is stuffed when food particles are taken rapidly. The particles can be placed in and removed from the pouches simply by using the muscles of the jaws. The pouches are also used to temporarily store and transport other items, such as material for nest construction. On several occasions chipmunks (whether the same one or different individuals, I do not know) were seen removing the wool nap from a carpet pad which was on the porch of my cabin at Glacier Point. This pilfering sometimes occurred while I was only two or three feet away. The little chipmunk, with mo-

The areas administered by the National Park Service have been set aside to preserve a precious part of our national heritage. It is not always realized, however, that this heritage requires sympathetic study and presentation, if it is to be of maximum benefit to the public. The interpretive service is designed to fulfill this need and to contribute to the national education and to the maintenance of confidence in the American way of living. This service may well be a potent force in maintaining national equilibrium in the trying times which appear to lie ahead.

A. E. DEMARAY DIRECTOR, 1951 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

Naturalist conducted nature walk at Glacier Point.

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actions much like that of a sheep grazing, would jerk out the nap. After a considerable strip had been removed, it would hesitate and while sitting up, the wooly nap apparently was rolled into a ball. This adjustment was done rapidly by means of the front feet and then "automatically" placed in the pouches. The process was repeated several times before she (sex assumed) would scurry away and enter an opening at the base of a large white fir tree close by. It is assumed the material was used in preparation of a nest but it is doubtful if the nest in question was for the purpose of rearing young, since the activity of "wool gathering" went on more or less all summer. I would like to insert in this account of the chipmunks an item which might indicate that the chipmunks and Golden-Mantled ground squirrels both have a little "pack rat" in them. One day in early August a Golden-Mantled squirrel was seen to make trips from the Mountain House at Glacier Point to the rocks about fifty yards distant. These trips occur at about fifteen minute intervals throughout the day. On each trip out, a mass of insulation material about the size of a hen 's egg was sticking out of its mouth. The amount transported during the day must have been considerable. The squirrel was seen on one day only.

On occasion, chipmunks were seen to gather seeds from the cotton heads of Senecio, Senecio lugens (Rich.), a member of the sunflower family which grows in dry areas and stands from one to three feet tall. The base of the stem was grasped by the mouth, then the flower head was brought into reach as the chipmunk bent the plant over by working its way from base to tip.

The visitor to Yosemite will find added enjoyment if he will sit quietly in the woods and watch these fascinating little animals carry on their activities in a natural setting.

PATIENCE

The giant redwood waits, Patience unrestrained, Patience for milleniums, Through frost and when it rained. Patience to grow inward, Patience to grow long, Great pillar of the forest, Of all the greatest song. To glorify creation, The booklets and the meads. While rivers change their courses, Sequoias cast their seeds. Now, where a seed, its soul, By gentle breeze was sown Four thousand years it stood, And patiently has grown. —Alfred E. Brighton June 4, 1960

YOSEMITE FOR OUR YOUNGER READERS

Ralph Frazier, Ranger Naturalist

In another issue of Yosemite Nature Notes we published an article written just for the many young people on our list of readers. We said that we would talk to ranger-naturalists who know such things and ask them to tell us how to continue our love for the birds which may have been begun in Yosemite.

Once the birds get used to coming to breakfast, a plain shelf would be alright. The next step would be to have mother get some suet from the grocery store. It is a form of fat which the birds love. Tie the suet to nearby trees. This will bring the birds to where they can spot the shelf. You can put some more of the suet on the shelf along with other things which birds eat. What do birds eat? They eat seeds, berries, and insects among other things. Such things as chicken feed, sunflower seeds, bread crumbs, meat scraps, and corn meal make good food for them. Of course, some birds feed on the ground and will not come up to your bird shelf. For such birds as quail spread a little corn around a nearby bush. Don't be discouraged if you don't get results right away. Quail frighten easily and have to get used to you before they will come close.

If your feeding station really works and you have lots of friends returning every day, please watch out for one thing. Cats and dogs soon find out about places where birds feed. Nothing makes us feel worse than to see a bird of whom we are especially fond disappear down the throat of a neighbor's cat. Dogs and cats like to get up higher than feeding birds and then pounce upon them. Place your shelf and feeding boxes far from higher places from which these animals can make one bound down upon them. It is a good idea, also, to place a large mesh wire screen around the suet to keep the cats from stealing it. If you follow the above instructions, I see no reason why you should not have many different kinds of birds making your home bright and happy with their cheery calls and busy comings and goings. If you are successful in this and come back to Yosemite some day, stop one of the ranger-naturalists and tell him of your experiences. I know that he will be more than pleased to make further suggestions.

We hope to write other articles especially for you young people. If you who are reading this right now have a question which you would like answered by a ranger-naturalist, please drop us a card or write a letter. Whoever knows, we may answer your very own question and mention you by name while doing so.

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YOSEMITE CONSERVATION QUOTES BY NEWTON B. DRURY DIRECTOR, 1940-1951 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

How to live up to its trusteeship is ever the question before the National Park Service. It recognizes a duty, not only to protect but to make the parks available to the people for whom it is trustee, a duty to make sure that Americans know and understand this great heritage and the threats that menace it. For only thus can we assure the perpetuation of the great places in America. — It is no longer a question of whether this great United States can afford to dedicate a portion of its land to such (NPS) purposes, but rather one of whether it is not the eighty-five hundredths of one percent of the land area of the United States contained within the National Park System, together with the areas under other Federal and State agencies, are adequate to protect that portion of the National heritage which should logically be devoted to parks and recreation. — Our primary contribution to national defense lies in the fact that the inspired areas of the National Park System inspire in the people a pride of country and service in a direct way to crystallize a love of its institutions. In short, our national parks rank among the first of the irreplaceable values that we must defend, for in America just as are the people who live around them. Someone has said, in speaking of national parks and historic sites, that men will die gladly for their country. Thus there devolves upon us a singular obligation to preserve a country worth defending.

YOSEMITE NOTES FROM MY TUOLUMNE JOURNAL

William L. Neely, Ranger-Naturalist

Unusually hot today. We were coming back from a botanical saunt with Carl Sharsmith and I, down the fork. We left the trail to return up by the cooler meadows, winding through bogs and glades. Carl set pace that only an Indian could keep up with. The stream had once formed an ox-bow here, but it was now filled with sedge.

Suddenly he stopped, "Ah, here it is!" and he pressed the meadow plants to one side, revealing a sedge that looked like all other sedges, dry and stiff, and he looked at it under his glass.

"Carex buxbaumii" he said significantly.

I marvelled at it, even though not too common, but at another example of what is the "naturalist's eye". It is like a magician's eye which can see tracks that no one else can. As the forest becomes more familiar, and every tree and animal in it, one acquires a naturalist's eye, and the newcomer always exclaim "How did you see that tiny thing? We would have passed right by!"

At the beginning, everything in your eye, everything is new and strange, or else it is all a green blur— pine trees are all pines and grass and grasses are all grass. Then, too, as it becomes familiar, you walk around and in the gravelly places you note the buckwheats, pussy-paws, and marigolds and stonecrops; in the shadowy places, the pentstemon, the wild flowers, the gopher holes, meadow-mouse runways... all things you expect them and anticipate. Then something breaks this pattern of expectations—the expected and it stands out as an inconsistency. Haydn used this in the Surprise Symphony, throwing in his little joke among the sweet and expected harmonies of the andante.

You learn to scan as you hike along, as you scan this publication and see

THESE WORDS UPON THE PAGE

... and your eye is caught. Thus one sees the Buxbaum sedge from the other sedges.

But the naturalist has another eye, and one I think even more valuable. Sorting out the unusual from the commonplace makes a poor naturalist, the kind that is always finding rarities, the unusual, the bizarre, the exotic—not the two-headed fish, the deer with half an antler, the jay-bird who sings like a thrush. There is the naturalist who is inspired once more by the commonplace, who turns back to the thousand grasses, back to the jays who don't sing but squawk, back to the robins doing their everyday jobs, back from looking in awe at a lodgepole pine growing with 3,000 other scrubby little lodgepole pines, and gazes at them all in wonder. He has the other naturalist's eye.

I wish to look again at pine needles and flies and robins as though they were totally new and strange. We too easily jump to assumptions when we deal with the commonplace. Up until recently everyone knew that the male robin fluffed up his feathers in display to impress his hen, to woo and win her. No one thought to watch more closely... the robin is too common. But an English naturalist did, and found that the robin displayed before any robin who came near, whether male or female, and that often it was the female who was making the display, so that it was not a matter of courtship at all but of defending the territory.

Our same English ornithologist has shown that the "broken wing trick" of quails, lapwings, sandpipers and others is not an attempt to lead you away from the nest. We startle a Spotted Sandpiper during nesting season by the river and she flies a little ways off then flops on the ground, hobbling and limping and dragging a wing, going in circles, apparently to draw your attention away from that precious nest. You follow, she leads you on, until at a safe distance from the nest she takes flight.

However, this behaviour, though probably a protection to the nest, has been shown due to something else. To find the answer one must study commonplace birds for similar actions but on a less-developed scale. We learn that what actually happens is that the bird is torn between two very strong compulsions, the urge to flee and be safe and the urge to stay and protect the eggs or the young. This indecision is a torment to her—it amounts to near disorganization, so that she flutters helplessly, unable to fly away or return to the nest... until the danger passes and one urge drowns another.

So we must look again at nature in wonderment. The true naturalist is forever spellbound before life, whether in a grass blade or a hawk's wing. Or as Thoreau said:

"The very sod is replete with a mechanism far finer than that of anything, watch, and yet it is cast under our feet to be trampled on. The process that goes on in the sod and the dark about the minute fibres of the grass, the chemistry and the mechanics before a single green blade can appear above the withered herbage— if it could be adequately described, would supplant all other revelations."

Yosemite is not a Barnum & Bailey Show where one must go out and observe the oddities. After a long immersion in a Tuolumne summer one begins to be aware of a third eye which pierces boundaries and forms, no longer distinguishes a pine needle from a picket pin, but sees all of them that same common flame, surge of life, whether predator or prey, that same untamed will to live before which the naturalist is always in awe.

PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE AT THE YOSEMITE MUSEUM

All mail orders should be addressed to, and remittances made payable to, Yosemite NATURAL HISTORY ASSOCIATION, Yosemite NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA. Prices include postage, insurance, and when proper items, California State Sales Tax 3%, plus 1% County Tax.

GENERAL

Adams' Guide to Yosemite Valley, Illustrated $1 65 America's Wonderlands, The National Parks (National Geographic) 12 20 Auto Tour of Yosemite National Park - Ditton and McHenry

Campsite Finder (Western) - Hartesveldt 1 15 Climbers Guide to High Sierra - Sierra Club._..___ 3 25 Devils Postpile National Monument - Hartesveldt

Exploring Our National Parks and Monuments - Butcher (paper) 3 75 Exploring Our National Parks and Monuments - Butcher (cloth) 5 40 Going Light - With Backpack or Burro - Sierra Club __ 2 25 Happy Isles Nature Center, Your Guide to - Hubbard

Interpreting Our Heritage - Tilden -°- 3 70 National Parks in California - Yeager 2 20 National Park Story in Pictures - Story _.80 National Parks, The - What They Mean to You and Me - Tilden (paper)

National Parks, The - What They Mean to You and Me - Tilden (cloth) 6 30 Nature Trail - Inspiration Point Self-Guiding - Carpenter

Nature Trail - Mariposa Grove Self Guiding - Wason

Place Names of Yosemite Valley - Hartesveldt

Starr 's Guide to John Muir Trail and High Sierra Region 2.25 Waterfalls of Yosemite and of the World - Brockman

Yosemite and the Sierra Nevada - Ansel Adams & John Muir 12.75 Yosemite Story, The - Scott °- -° -° 1.20 Yosemite Valley - Adams °°--- °----._-°.......................................$3.25

ANIMAL LIFE

Birds, Western, Field Guide to - Peterson 4.80 Birds of Yosemite - Stebbins

Fishes of Yosemite National Park - Evans-Wallis

Mammals of Yosemite National Park - Parker

Reptiles and Amphibians of Yosemite National Park - Walker

TREES AND FLOWERS

Broad-leaved Trees of Yosemite National Park - Brockman

Cone-bearing Trees of Yosemite National Park - Cole

Ferns of the Sierra - Rodin °.........._..--

Sequoias, Yosemite, Guide to the - McFarland

Wildflowers of the Sierra (80 color photos) - Hubbard

Wildflowers, Western, Field Book of - Armstrong 5.40

HISTORY AND INDIANS

Big Oak Flat Road to Yosemite - Paden & Schlichtmann (Paper) 4.25 Big Oak Flat Road to Yosemite - Paden & Schlichtmann (Cloth) 5.35 Ghost Mines of Yosemite - Hubbard (paper) _ 1.15 Ghost Mines of Yosemite - Hubbard (cloth) 3.10 Indians, Yosemite, Yesterday and Today - Godfrey

John Muir, Protector of the Wilds - Haines-Morrill 2.00 Miwok Material Culture - Barrett and Gifford (paper) 2.20 Miwok Material Culture - Barrett and Gifford (cloth) 3.25 Mother Lode Country, Guide to the - Brockman

100 Years in Yosemite - Russell (paper) __ 2.20 100 Years in Yosemite - Russell (cloth) 3.25 Pioneer Cemetery, Guide To - Brubaker 1.20 Stephen Mather of the National Parks - Shankland 6.20 Wilderness World of John Muir, The - Teale 4.85 Yosemite: The Story of An Idea - Huth....°°

GEOLOGY AND MAPS

Geologic History of Yosemite Valley (Prof. Paper 160) - Matthes 5 75 Geology of Yosemite Valley, Brief Story of - Beatty

High Sierra Camp Areas, Trail Guide to - Clark 1 15 Incomparable Valley, The - Matthes (paper) --- - 2 20 Map of Devils Postpile, Topographic - USGS °-

Map of Yosemite National Park, Topographic - USGS

Map of Yosemite Valley, Topographic, (geology story printed on back)

North Country of Yosemite, Pocket Guide to - Clark

North Country of Yosemite, Trail Guide to - Clark 1.15 Rocks & Minerals - Zim and Shaffer 1.20 South Boundary Country, Pocket Guide to - Clark

South Boundary Country, Trail Guide to - Clark 1.15

CHILDREN

A National Park Adventure - Hubbard (paper) 1.15 A Day with Tupi, An Indian Boy of the Sierra - Hubbard (paper) 1.15 A Day with Tupi, An Indian Boy of the Sierra - Hubbard (cloth) 3.10 Animal Friends of the Sierra - Hubbard (paper) 1.15 Animal Friends of the Sierra - Hubbard (cloth) _ 3.10

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