May 1960

YOSEMITE VOL. XXXIX - NUMBER 5 MAY 1960

IN COOPERATION WITH THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE•

COVER — Cathedral Peak — Courtesy of Vitagroph Corp.

YOSEMITE

Since 1922, the monthly publication of the National Park Service and the Yosemite Natural

NATURE NOTES

History Association in Yosemite National Park. John C. Preston, Park Superintendent Douglass H. Hubbard, Park Naturalist Robert F. Upton, Associate Park Naturalist Paul F. McCrary, Assistant Park Naturalist Herbert D. Cornell, Junior Park Naturalist Keith A. Trexler, Park Naturalist Trainee

"FOL. XXXIX MAY 1960 NO. THE SIERRA YELLOW LEGGED FROG

Carl L. Heller, Ranger-Naturalist Frogs are interesting members of and slimy. They share with the fish the class Amphibia. The phylogeny and reptiles the poikilothermal condition places the Amphibians just above the fishes and below the reptiles. The name Amphibia means "double life" referring to the fact that many of them return to the water to lay their eggs and spend their larval life in the water for variable lengths of time, during which period their respiration is by means of gills and their food is vegetable matter. These larvae, the tadpoles, go through a striking metamorphosis in which the broad swimming tail is absorbed into the body, lungs develop, and the food habits change from vegetarian to carnivore as the larvae assume the form of adults and emerge from the water for a life on the land. Amphibians: Frogs, toads, and Salamanders can be characterized best as those animals which have either a tuberculate, dry, and warty outer covering or one that is smooth The Sierra yellow legged frog is

a member of such a class of animals found no reference to such an ael and is found chiefly in the Yosemite with frogs so recently removed from region above 6500 feet along the their habitat. This same tendency borders of lakes and stream courses showed itself the following week with where the water flow is moderate or an attempt by the frog to devour 4 slow. Often active in the daytime, small Yosemite toad that occupied they may be found sunning along the same compartment or display shores or upon rocks in streams. case. This action followed the regt. When frightened, they plunge into lar feeding of the frogs and toads the water and attempt to hide betheir allotment of meal worm beetle neath the stones or sediment of and larva. A large stone was moved stream bottom and remain there until from one part of the case to another the danger has passed. Observation exposing the small toad. The small ' of a frog in the Bridalveil Creek area toad immediately attempted to move produced a ten minute stay under in the direction of the stone trigger*

water for one frog and the frog was ing a vigorous and effective lunge still there when the writer gave up by the frog and only interference by and walked on. This demonstrates the writer prevented the toad from be. the frog ' s ability to conserve oxygen ing dessert for the frog. Perhaps the and to obtain it through their moist nervous alertness of a frog 's eating thin skin. habit accounts for this latter act. The The food of the frog consists of movement of a small living object aquatic and terrestrial arthropods, gives the visual stimulus and psy• particularly insects. This particular chologically speaking brings to the habit makes the frog beneficial to frog the suggestion of something to man in maintaining a balance in eat. The mouth has the sense of touch nature. The frog in turn being eaten highly developed, but the sense of by certain snakes, birds, mammals, taste is present only to a small de and even fishes. As is true of many gree. Long experience of the race of our carnivorous animals, the frogs has taught that only immediate and are somewhat cannibalistic, that is swift motor response will result in they will devour their own kind if capture of the food — the miller or the opportunity presents itself. A grasshopper may take wing, the though I knew this to be true, I was slug disappear under a board, or the quite surprised at the extreme can a caterpillar roll into a ball and "play balistic tendencies of a yellow leg dead ". Usually, the result of the immediate ged frog obtained from the Harden mediate seizure of the moving object Lake area in June of 1959. A full is satisfactory, since almost all small grown frog was obtained along with insects and worms are part of a two smaller ones for the valley toad 's or frog's menu. But sometimes museum display and placed in the lack of examination of the object same container for the trip back to brings dire results. Such is the case the valley. Within the hour, the tarwhen a large stag beetle is swal• ger frog devoured the two smaller lowed. Its huge pinching mandibles frogs as was born out by the extreme produce terrible effects at once in distention of its abdomen and the the frog 's stomach. Fortunately, the hind legs of one of the frogs protrudfrog has a wide, short esophagus, so ing from the larger frog's mouth. This that any disagreeable object can be seemed unusual to me in that I have disgorged immediately.

The frogs with their thin moist skin stand between the aquatic and terrestrial ty leave the water temporarily but modes of existence among the verpend upon the water for protectebrates, and present a profitable from enemies and against dryfield for investigations bearing on out. Unlike the toads, they lack the evolution of land life. poison glands beneath the skin do not carry an extra supply water with them. The frogs are Selected references: Robert C. Stebmore aquatic in habit than the bins 1951, M. V. Walker 1945, ds and are very capable swimGayle Pickwell 1947, Tracy Storer rs. The amphibians stand be1925.

LOWER YOSEMITE FALLS

Ted R. McVey, Ranger-Naturalist The bright blue sky comes down to touch the cliffs as if it were the very ceiling. The canyon walls sparkle and shine and every detail stands out, refreshed by the afternoon shower. Lower Yosemite Falls seems filled with delight, exuberantly trying to match the beauty of the day. The falls are ever changing; now floating gracefully in one long descent. Then leaping gracefully, or perhaps as now, seemingly filled with wild abandon. The mists plunging and billowing up and around as if doing some wild dance of delight.

OBSERVATIONS ON SOME MAMMALS OF THE YOSEMITE REGION

John D. Cunningham, Ranger-Naturalist Observations made by the writer during the summer of 1958 and notes on file in the Yosemite Museum seem worthy of publication in order to bring our knowledge of the mamproximately the same elevation mals of the Yosemite region to date. the Vernal Falls trail near Ha Knowledge of the mammals of this Isles. In November 1949, a ma region has been summarized by was observed inspecting a wood Grinnell and Storer (1924), and Parknear the Fish Hatchery at Ha er (1952). Nomenclature follows the Isles (4100 feet). This represents latter authority. Unless otherwise slightly lower altitude occurrence noted all localities are within the the marten than that reported boundaries of the Park in Mariposa Jones or Russell (op. cit.) but and Tuolumne Counties. habitat is normal. Happy Isles Yosemite Mole, Scapanus latimanus cool and damp and represents sericatus : Several albino or partial low altitude record for several s albino moles have been collected in cies of animals. Yosemite Valley. The 1944 ski patrol sighted app Mountain Water Shrew, Sorex palimately two marten tracks per ustris navigator : On June 7, 1925, a in heavy lodgepole pine (Pinm water shrew was discovered in the torta latifolia) country near Bad stomach of a brook trout (Salvelinus Pass. They stated the marten fontinalis) caught at Tamarack Creek. "definitely after the Douglas sq San Bernardino Brown Bat, Eptesicus fuscus bernardinus: On February at Tuolumne Meadows a marten 26, 1932, one was discovered by A. observed capturing a white-crow E. Borell crawling across the highsparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) way at Arch Rock. Another was capH. Bryant. tured by G. P. Ashcroft after it colIn 1930, on the Four Mile Trail lided with another bat and fell into golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) 101 the water in Yosemite Valley. a marten. Sierra Black Bear, Ursus americanus Notes made in 1937 near Swa californiensis : Near Glacier Point, on Lake state that the marten is "r July 19, 1932, a bear was observed turnal to a degree in its feeding by E. F. Walker killing a fawn mule specimen was shot from a bran, h deer (Odocoileus hemionus). a red fir fifty feet above the greet California Ring-tailed Cat, Bassariscus astutus raptor: It was in the act of stalking a chi cus astutus raptor : A female, with one aree which revealed its presence embryo, captured at Cascade Creek repeated alarm notes. Beneath I on May 13, 1933, contained a whitetree from which the marten was s footed mouse (Peromyscus) and a was found the carcass of a chiprnu millipede in its stomach. with the head severed, while an Sierra Pine Marten, Martes ameriamination of the contents of the r cana sierrae : Jones (1955) reports findten 's stomach revealed the rema

one chipmunk and the head of in captivity 13 years before being • Cher, probably the head of the killed. y found. Both chipmunks were Southern Sierra Marmot, Marutota mias quadrimaculatus, Long-eared flaviventris sierrae : Along the Tioga • munk. Dipterous larvae were Road (Hwy. 120) marmots are fre- • found within the stomach, prequently found. On July 10, 1940, ling the possibility of carrion eata female with three young was observed by E. A. Payne at Vogelsang ountain Weasel, Mustela frenata High Sierra Camp and on June 16,, ensis : On July 8, 1939, one was 1928, young were observed at Merrved by V. C. Baysinger capturced Lake by H. Bryant. a golden-mantled ground squirSierra Ground Squirrel, Citellus (Citellus lateralis chrysodeirus) at beecheyi sierrae : On October 6, 1936, ier Point. On July 27, 1939, one one was observed "as it effortlessly observed by H. Bryant catching and without hesitation swam the holding ground squirrel (Citellus b. Merced River" by C. A. Harwell. On ingi) at Tuolumne Meadows. July 13, 1940, one was observed by •ther was observed by H. Bryant R. S. Miller killing a chipmunk Tuolumne Meadows, on August 1, (Eutamias) at Glacier Point. with a pocket gopher Sierra Chickaree, Tamiasciurus donbornomys m. monticola). Near SenBlasi albolimbatus : M. V. Hood discov1 Bridge on July 19, 1942, a weaered 242 fresh ponderosa pine (Pious was observed by J. D. Webster ponderosa) cones stacked at the base ing a meadow mouse (Microtof a pine by these squirrels in August Three young were observed at 1949. On May 28, 1941, young chicktinel Bridge on July 30, 1930, by arees were observed near the YoA. Thaxter and two young were semite Museum. During the summer :rved at Puppy Dome (Tuolumne of 1931, C. Sharsmith observed a.dows) on August 6, 1941, by H. chickaree on Mt. Lyell at an elevaant. tion of 12,500 feet, about 1500 feet Gray Fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus : higher than the squirrel is usually November 3, 1940, in Yosemite found. Despite its arboreal predilecalley, E. Wolfe observed a buck tions, the chickaree is not infrequentale deer (Odocoileus hemionus) kill ly found in Yosemite Valley, where fox. Three fox pups were taken automobile traffic is heavy. the base of a hollow tree at Sierra Flying Squirrel, Glaucomys • erson Meadow in June 1933. sabrinus lascivus: An albino was col-.On July 27, 1958, the writer found lected in Yosemite Valley in 1927. fox on Hwy. 395, 1 mile north Yosemite Pocket Gopher, Thomou:ys the northern June Lake Loop Road, bottae awahnce : A female was cap- •no Co. (6900 feet). Vegetation for tured in a snap trap at Poison Meaes consists of sagebrush (Artemisia dew. No burrow could be discovered entata) with scattered yellow pine nearby. inns ponderosa). With the exception Sierra Lemming Mouse, Phenacomys an occasional rock outcrop, the intermedius celsus : On August 2, 1939, ounding country is flat. a female with four embryos was colCalifornia Wildcat, Lynx rufus calllected at Lower McCabe Lake by J. nicus : A full grown wildcat capHuss. :d alive near Yosemite Falls lived Yosemite Meadow Mouse, Micro!us

Easter Sunrise Services at Mirror Lake, Yosemite National Park. National Parks represent opportunities for worship through which one comes to understand more fully certain of the attributes of nature and its Creator. They are not objects to be worshipped, but they are shrines at which we may worship.

JOHN C. MERRIAM

montanus Yosemite : A female containGrinnell, J., J. S. Dixon and J. M. I.in~ ing 6 embryos, 13mm. in length, was dale. 1937.

FURBEARING MAM.

collected at Swamp Lake on July ll, MALS OF CALIFORNIA. Um., 1938. Calif. Press, Berkeley. Yellow-haired Porcupine, Erethizon Jones, F. L. 1955. "A Low Altitude Res dorsatum epixanthum : (Storer 1940) cord of the Sierra Nevada Pine Ms notes the paucity of published ten." JOUR. MAMM., 36(4) : $ S$ records of the porcupine as a high569. way casualty. In the Yosemite reParker, H. C. 1952 MAMMALS OF Yl gion, porcupines are frequently SEMITE NATIONAL PARK. Yo,r found on highways. ite NATURE NOTES, 31 (6) :52-10i, Yosemite Pika, Ochotona princeps Russell, C. P. 1926. "Pine Marten N muiri : A pika was discovered in the Valley Floor." Yosemite NAT U stomach of a rattlesnake (Crotalus

NOTES, 5 (12) :94.

viridis) captured in Tenaya Canyon Storer, D. 1940. "The Canada Porculs on July 18, 1931. as a Highway Casualty." JOU

MAMM., 21(3) :360-361. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Sumner, L. and J. S. Dixon. 1953. BIR Grinnel, J. and T. I. Storer. 1924. ANIAND MAMMALS OF THE SIERR

MAL LIFE IN THE YOSEMITE.

NEVADA. Univ. Calif. Press, Ber Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley. eley.

CONSERVATION QUOTES

There is one thing better even than the City Beautiful, and that is t/Jr Country Beautiful... The places of scenic beauty do not increase, bulgy' on the contrary, are in danger of being reduced in number and dirrrin ished in quality, and the danger is always increasing with the accumui lation of wealth, owing to the desire of private persons to appropriat these places. There is no better service we can render to the masses a) the people than to set about and preserve for them wide spaces of fit i scenery for their delight... we are heirs of those who have gone before and charged with the duty we owe to those who come after, and then is no duty which seems clearer than that of handing on to them undo tninished facilities for the enjoyment of some of the best gifts that tl Creator has bestowed upon his children.

—JAMES BRYANT

THE INFLUENCE OF JOINTING AT ILLILOUETTE FALLS

Franklin C. Potter, Ranger-Naturalist The top of Illilouette Falls, where water begins its plunge, corresponds to a distinct departure from the form of most waterfalls. Instead of dropping in the direction of the creek, the water falls at an angle of approximately 90° to the course of the creek. The explanation for this change in direction becomes apparent when the falls are viewed from the overlook on the trail from Glacier Point. In the rocks of this area there are sets of almost vertical master joints. One set is parallel to Panoramic Cliffs which were formed by weathering and erosion along one of these master joints. (The back side of Half Dome is essentially parallel to and apparently is bounded by an overlying joint in this set). The second set of master joints is roughly parallel to the course of Illilouette Creek immediately above the falls; the joints of these two sets of master joints intersect at angles of approximately 90° and 45°. Extensive jointing exists in the area of the falls. Continued weathering with resultant loosening and falling of blocks of rocks will continue especially near the top of the falls. Such action will result in material alteration of the direction of at least the upper part of the falls in the decades and centuries to come.

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POISON OAK

Howard H. Cofer, Ranger-Naturalist The mention of poison oak evokes it may be a shrub two to eight feet thoughts of dread in most people high or a vine climbing thirty feel, or more upon some support by means of adventitious rootlets. The plant has considerable capacity to regenerate itself after it has been cut off at the base. Whether or not they have actually had direct experience with it. Many means of adventitious rootlets. The unsuspecting persons have been plant has considerable capacity M attracted by the glossy, deep green regenerate itself after it has been c. foliage — tinted crimson in autumn off at the base. — and the dense clusters of greenishVery few visitors to Yosemite a white flowers, much to their regret ever exposed to poison oak sine later. does not occur out in the Valley n Poison oak (Rhus diversiloba) is not frequented by most people. So a true oak, but is closely related to has been found at Rocky Point. It poison ivy (Rhus toxicodendron). Both more commonly noted in the El P. are members of the sumac family. tal to Arch Rock area and arou Poison oak is one of the most widely Hetch Hetchy. An abundance of distributed shrubs of California and grows along the trail on the nor is often abundant in certain localiside of the reservoir there. Associcrt ties. It extends northward into Washwith poison oak in the El Port. ington, eastward into Arizona, and region is the squaw bush (Rhus trel southward into Lower California. In bata). Many visitors to Yosemite c Yosemite it is rarely found above fuse poison oak and squaw bu 4500 feet elevation, although it may Hale (Y.N.N: Feb. '39) describes extend up to 5000 feet. Poison oak is rather simple method of eliminate a deciduous shrub with alternate this confusion. "Both plants he leaves and flowers which are quite trifoliolate leaves with one leaf small. The leaves are typically triterminal and the other two late foliate, usually two to six inches and opposite each other. The t long; leaflets are variously toothed, minal leaflet of poison oak has lobed, or rarely entire. The flowers petiole while in the squaw bu occur with the leaves, usually in May there is no such stalk-like structu in Yosemite. The flesh of the whitish supporting the terminal leaflet,

drupe-type fruit, one-fourth inch in the blade extends to the base of t diameter, which appears later, is lateral leaflets. " marked with brown fibers. Squaw bush is far from being r The growth form of poison oak sonous and the long, pliable sto varies with the nature of the soil and were used by the Indians in bas other environmental conditions. weaving, and their red berries w Where the soil is shallow and there used to make a drink resemble is no support for its weak stems, it pink lemonade. According to Hank may creep along producing a ground (Wildflowers of the Pacific Coast cover of plants a few inches to severmany of the Indians are nearly al inches in height. In other situations mune to the poison oak and use

leaves of its stems in basket making. poses glucosides and therefore a 2 A drink is made from the fresh juice. to 3% solution mixed with a little Many of the Indians used the juice sodium carbonate may be used as a used to burn out the roots of warts, and as wash. It is important to keep this treatment for ringworms and rattlesolution out of the eyes. A calamine use like poison. lotion tends to be soothing to irritated Some authorities refer to poison tissues and antihistamines are sometimes prescribed to reduce swelling. These authors call it by the scientific name, Rhus toxicodendron. This name times prescribed to reduce swelling. • •s from the Greek and means Some people have received partial •n tree. The Greek word, toxicon, protection by applying a film of • fling bow (of the bow and arrow) laundry soap or strong solution of means poison, because arrow baking soda to expsed parts of the • ns were among the first poisons body before ging into areas where • by man. Poison oak secretes a they are apt to come into contact with volatile oil which is highly poipoison oak. Washing thoroughly with •us to some people. One must strong soap and/or baking soda so-,e in contact with the oily sublution as soon after exposure as poste to be affected. This may occur sible is very important. tly from the plant or indirectly Flowers of poison oak are very touching articles, such as dofragant and produce an abunq, which have previously come dance of nectar. The honey produced Contact with the plants. There is e evidence that smoke may carry from this nectar contains no poison oil particles. The result of expoand is said to be of excellent quality. to the poison depends on the The foliage is not poisonous to livesical nature of the individual. stock and furnishes good browse for •e persons are rather immune deer. Birds and small mammals eat le others react extensively even the berries with impunity. e slightest exposure. The reacIt is hoped the visitor to Yosemite involves a reddening of the skin will not have his stay marred by an itching, and usually swelling unhappy encounter with this attrac-. blistering. A severe case of poitive but deceptively obnoxious plant. ng can be a serious thing. There Possibly the account given here will -me danger of fatality in a susaid in its identification, or at least ble person if the mouth and visitors will have a knowledge about • t become affected. the areas of its greatest occurrence. e poisonous properties of poison Also, an effort is made to keep a are probably due to a glucoside specimen growing in the wildflower d in the oils of the plant since garden to the rear of the museum. is true of the related poison ivy. Of course, this plant will have a • ssium permanganate decomname tag. term "National Park" ought to be like the word "sterling" is to P er. It ought to indicate outstanding merit.

—LOUIS C. CRAMTON

IRON BACTERIA

David Essel, Ranger Naturalist Crossing many Yosemite streams tuted a real and necessary source cul ' one is able to see rust-colored bouldenergy as he was unable to gro g/ ers, and in quieter waters, masses of the organism in an iron-free medlu a flocculent, brownish substance. nor induce it to utilize salts of of This fascinating little speck of life is metals. still the subject of much controversy While still under investigatl among the biologists. these bactetria are known to be Midway between the bacteria sponsible for much of the iron ski (Schizomycetes) and the true molds on stream boulders. Home own• (Hyphomycetes), are these rnembers are apt to be a little irritated at the of the filamentous bacteria (Trichoorganisms, which sometimes grow mycetes). Several members of this the conduits of public water suppll group are the "iron bacteria" (Crenothrix polyspora, Lepothrix ochraoften resulting in stoppage of t cea, and Spirophyllum ferrugineum). pipes. Detached portions of these u These are especially characterized pleasant looking masses, appear) by deposits of iron oxide in the in one 's drinking glass, gives rise sheath surrounding the bacteria, or consternation on the part of the tlilt sometimes in the protoplasm itself. ty one. They are not injurious, ho Some scientists have attributed ever, and except for aesthetic cone) great significance to the presence of erations, are all right to drink. this iron. They assert that the vast deed, Fern Spring, one of the delig)i beds of iron ore may have been defully refreshing spots in Yoseml posited by the growth of innumerValley, has several masses of the able quantities of these bacteria, bacteria growing therein, with no I living, then dying and leaving tiny pairment of taste or appetite. T bits of iron oxide behind as their only difference is that it is natur bodies decayed. Others contest this growing where we expect it to gro theory; however one botanist has Perhaps that which is natural to rnct found that iron is built up chemointuitively places him at ease wt synthetically by the protoplasm of his surroundings, graciously acco. Spirophyllum ferrugineum from ferrous carbonate. He found this constant interest in the natural world, with conscious gratitude.

PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE AT THE YOSEMITE MUSEUM

All mail orders should be addressed to, and remittances made payable to, Yosemite NATURAL HISTORY ASSOCIATION, Yosemite NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA. Prices include postage for most proper items, California State Sales Tax 3%, plus 1% County Tax. Adams' Guide to Yosemite Valley, Illustrated $1 65 America 's Wonderlands, The National Parks (National Geographic) 12 20 Auto Tour of Yosemite National Park - Ditton and McHenry

Campsite Finder (Western) - Hartesveldt

Climbers Guide to High Sierra - Sierra Club 3 25 Devils Postpile National Monument - Hartesveldt

xpioring Our National Parks and Monuments - Butcher (paper) 3 75 Exploring Our National Parks and Monuments - Butcher (cloth) 5 40 Camping Light - With Backpack or Burro - Sierra Club 2 25 Happy Isles Nature Center, Your Guide to - Hubbard

Interpreting Our Heritage - Tilden 3 70 National Parks in California - Yeager 2 20 National Park Story in Pictures - Story

National Parks, The - What They Mean to You and Me - Tilden (paper)

National Parks, The - What They Mean to You and Me - Tilden (cloth) 6 30 Nature Trail - Inspiration Point Self-Guiding - Carpenter

Nature Trail - Mariposa Grove Self Guiding - Wason

Place Names of Yosemite Valley - Hartesveldt

Starr's Guide to John Muir Trail and High Sierra Region 2.25 Waterfalls of Yosemite and of the World - Brockman.60 Yosemite and the Sierra Nevada - Ansel Adams & John Muir 12.75 Yosemite Story, The - Scott.---°° 1.20 Yosemite Valley - Adams °--° $3.25

WILDLIFE

Birds, Western, Field Guide to - Peterson 4.80 Birds of Yosemite - Stebbins -°-° -------°----°--- °-°--°°°°--°

Fishes of Yosemite National Park - Evans-Wallis

Mammals of Yosemite National Park - Parker

Reptiles and Amphibians of Yosemite National Park - Walker

AND FLOWERS

Broad-leaved Trees of Yosemite National Park - Brockman

Cone-bearing Trees of Yosemite National Park - Cole

Ferns of the Sierra - Rodin

Sequoias, Yosemite, Guide to the - McFarland

Wildflowers of the Sierra (80 color photos) - Hubbard

Wildflowers, Western, Field Book of - Armstrong 5.40

HISTORY AND INDIANS

Big Oak Flat Road to Yosemite - Paden & Schlichtmonn (Paper) 4.25 Big Oak Flat Road to Yosemite - Paden & Schlichtmonn (Cloth) 5.35 Ghost Mines of Yosemite - Hubbard (paper) 1.15 Ghost Mines of Yosemite - Hubbard (cloth) 3.10 Indians, Yosemite, Yesterday and Today - Godfrey

John Muir, Protector of the Wilds - Haines-Morrill 2.00 Miwok Material Culture - Barrett and Gifford (paper) 2 20 Miwok Material Culture - Barrett and Gifford (cloth) 3 25 Mother Lode Country, Guide to the - Brockman

100 Years in Yosemite - Russell (paper) ---°-° °° ° ° 2 20 100 Years in Yosemite - Russell (cloth) 3 25 Pioneer Cemetery, Guide To - Brubaker

Steve Mather of the National Parks - Shonkland 6 20 Wilderness World of John Muir, The - Teale 4 85 Yosemite : The Story of An Idea - Huth

GEOLOGY AND MAPS

Geologic History of Yosemite Valley (Prof. Paper 160) - Motthes 5 75 Geology of Yosemite Valley, Brief Story of - Beatty

High Sierra Camp Areas, Trail Guide to - Clark 1 15 Incomparable Valley, The - Matthes (paper) 2 20 Map of Devils Postpile, Topographic - USGS

Map of Yosemite National Park, Topographic - USGS

Map of Yosemite Valley, Topographic, (geology story printed on back)

North Country of Yosemite, Pocket Guide to - Clark

North Country of Yosemite, Trail Guide to - Clark 1 15 Rocks & Minerals - Zim and Shaffer 1 20 South Boundary Country, Pocket Guide to - Clark

South Boundary Country, Trail Guide to - Clark 1 15

CHILDREN

A National Park Adventure - Hubbard (paper) 1.15 A Day with Tupi, An Indian Boy of the Sierra - Hubbard (paper) 1.15 A Day with Tupi, An Indian Boy of the Sierra - Hubbard (cloth) 3.10 Animal Friends of the Sierra - Hubbard (paper) 1.15 Animal Friends of the Sierra - Hubbard (cloth) 3.10