June 1959

YOSEMITE VOLUME XXXVIII - NUMBER 6 JUNE 1959 ON YOSEMITE'S FIRST PHOTOGRAPH • 1959

IN COOPERATION WITH THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE.

The gentleman on the right in this photograph is Mr. Eadweard Muybridge, an early Yosemite photographer and famous for his pictures of objects in motion. No. 12 Montgomery Street, near Market Street, San Francisco,

Since 1922, the monthly publication of the National Park Service and the Yosemite Natural History Association in Yosemite National Park. John C. Preston, Park Superintendent Douglass H. Hubbard, Park Naturalist Robert F. Upton, Associate Park Naturalist Paul F. McCrary, Assistant Park Naturalist Sigismund J. Zachwieja, Junior Park Naturalist Robert A. Grom, Park Naturalist Trainee

VOL. XXXVIII JUNE 1959 NO. 6 CHARLES L. WEED, YOSEMITE'S FIRST PHOTOGRAPHER

By Mary V. Hood The Scene is set, the Hunt is on :" ular group of visitors is centered on The party of five San Francisco the fifth member: a Mr. Charles L. tourists had arrived tired and dusty. Weed, a photographer whose ex hour was late, the date, June ploits, under incredible difficulties, 1859. They had hired a guide have been almost if not entirely forhorses for the final leg of their gotten. ey. That night they had campThis interest was aroused when I at Deer Flat and although they opened a certain large drawer in the started at seven-thirty the next Yosemite Museum in 1956 and found morning (the 17th) they did not reach an album of old wet plate prints, floor of Yosemite Valley until which had lain forgotten, except by et. They still had a six mile ride a few scholars, on one shelf or anre they reached their destination other since 1860. nine-thirty. Although the hotel In 1956 my husband and I had new, it was far from luxurious; returned to the Valley to continue fact the guests slept in "brush our work as collaborators. The chief ties" on mattresses of bracken project assigned to us, that summer, cedar boughs. The myriad moswas the taking of a series of slides toes prevented sleep, but the designed to illustrate Mission 66 and roar of the falls was music to the travel to the Park during the past of the weary travellers. hundred years. We also planned to So might we transcribe the florid, continue our collection of "Then and my account written by James M. Now " pictures which we had started ings, leader of the party. The in 1947 when we retraced the footn for my interest in this particsteps of Dr. Matthes, matching the

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photographs in his "Paper 160 " in which were used in Hutchings ' Caliorder to show vegetation changes in fornia Magazine (1859-1860). This magthe Park. azine was distributed widely and The album that I found was, at can be found in many of the large best, a makeshift affair, being a reference libraries.* book of old mining certificates in We have also located two other which the prints had been tipped. A albums, one at Stanford (Palo Alto), letter found with the album stated, in effect, that these prints had been taken, "a water-soaked bundle" from the fire-scarred ruins of the Yosemite home of James M. Hutchings in San Francisco in 1880 and given to a boyhood friend of Mr. Hutchings' son, one Arthur S. Rosenblatt. It was he who put the pictures in the album and in 1925 decided to give the collection to the Yosemite Museum. The letter concludes with the words: "These pictures have never been fully identified." Here was a challenge! Why not try? And thereby add to our "Then and Now" series. The Rosenblatt album contained forty-seven views, 20 from Yosemite, 17 from the American River, 6 from Forest Hill, 2 from Coloma and 2 from Placerville. All but two of these sites have been re-photographed, a job undertaken by my husband, a tireless hiker, an ardent photographer and a long-suffering mate. In many cases he has been able to match the lens Mr. Weed used. In some, by comparing shadows, he can calculate the hour, even the minute, when Mr. Weed's shutter clicked! Our first significant clue came when we proved that these were the photographs from which Thomas Armstrong made the wood cuts used in Hutchings' California Magazine (1859-1860). This magazine was distributed widely and can be found in many of the large reference libraries. In order to show vegetation changes in the Park. We have also located two other albums, one at Stanford (Palo Alto), the other at Eastman House (Rochester, New York). The latter has the American River series but no Yosemite views. Stanford's set is home of James M. Hutchings in San very similar to the Yosemite album Francisco in 1880 and given to a but includes a series on Nevada. boyhood friend of Mr. Hutchings ' Both of these albums were attributed son, one Arthur S. Rosenblatt. It was to different photographers. Until we he who put the pictures in the album undertook this research and actually and in 1925 decided to give the colcompared copies, the libraries conlection to the Yosemite Museum. The cerned were unaware that the other letter concludes with the words : two albums were related. It is, how- "These pictures have never been ever, high time that we return to fully identified. " Here was a chalour party of hardy travellers, whom lenge! Why not try? And thereby we left slapping mosquitoes on the add to our "Then and Now " series. south bank of the Merced River Little did I realize that this "bear 'swhere Sentinel Bridge now stands. tail " I had seized was a true California grizzly in whose pursuit I Dramatis personae: would travel from one end of the First, we should introduce the state to the other! editor of the magazine, to which we The Rosenblatt album contained have already referred :- James Mason forty-seven views, 20 from Yosemite, Hutchings. He was twenty nine years 17 from the American River, 6 from of age and a California resident Forest Hill, 2 from Coloma and 2 from since 1849. He had tried his hand at Placerville. All but two of these sites gold mining and as a correspondent have been re-photographed, a job for the Placerville Mountain Democrat. undertaken by my husband, a tireA stationery and book store in Sal] less hiker, an ardent photographer Francisco, supplemented such in and a long-suffering mate. In many come as he received from his magi cases he has been able to match the zine. A photo taken about 1859 shows lens Mr. Weed used. In some, by that he wore a large beard combed comparing shadows, he can calcuto a double point. late the hour, even the minute, when From incidents and remarks in his Mr. Weed 's shutter clicked! account we gather that he was the Our first significant clue came chief promoter of this trip. It is clear when we proved that these were the that several other friends made plans photographs from which Thomas to be in the Valley at this time, 1. it Armstrong made the wood cuts we read:, after three of the original The quotes used here will be found in Volume Lomson 's account of his own California travel, four, numbers four, five, six and nine. Two other (M.S.), both are in the vault of the California accounts that I have compared with Hutchings' Historical Society in San Francisco. statements are Dr. Ewer's Diary (M.S.) and James

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group have left,... "Being reinforced by a party of old friends of both sexes, our cavalcade set out." page 248) We also learn of two artists who joined him on one or more of his climbs (pps. 200 and 386). One of these, James Lamson mentions Mr. Hutchings several times while in the valley and travelled with him to Clark 's ranch on their way to the Mariposa Grove. Next we introduce the Rev. Ferdinand C. Ewer, his wife Sophie and her friend Miss Marianna Neil. Of the latter nothing further is learned except that she accompanied the Ewers on their trip to the northern mines after they left Yosemite on the 22nd and that she was sufficiently emancipated to travel by herself from Angel's Camp, via Stockton "on her way back to San Francisco ". Dr. Ewer, a Harvard graduate, was thirty three. He had earned his living as editor of The Pioneer Magazine (1854 to 1855); early in 1857 he had been ordained and became rector of Grace Church in December on the same year. A portrait made in 1859 shows that he had no moustache but wore rather heavy chin whiskers. Of our fifth member, Charles L. Weed, we will write later. Suffice it to say that his trail is hard to find, and only after gathering many slender clues in all sorts of places, was It possible to learn the few facts to be presented here. Questions and Contradictions Arise: It would be of less importance in which order the pictures were taken had it not been for a curious statement made twenty seven years later by Mr. Hutchings. This statement regards the First picture. Soon after the Yosemite series had appeared in Hutchings ' California Magazine he sold the name, which The Ewers and Miss Neil left from Jackson Street Wharf, San Francisco, on June ll, 1859, aboard the Wager (background) bound for Stockton. This was the first leg of their journey to Yosemite Valley. ly for a suit of clothes, but kept the rights to the plates and copy. Some of this material he published in book form. The first edition of Scenes of Wonders and Curiosity in California appeared in 1861, where much of the material is given word for word as it appeared in the magazine; except where a word such as 'cooned ' (i.e. as a coon crawls) has been changed to "walked" as perhaps more dignified. The cut of the hotel has been dropped. Further editions appeared in 1861, 1862, 1870 and 1876 no ref-

Hite's Hotel, June 21, 1859. This is the first photograph ever taken of a building in Yosemite but evidently not the first photograph taken in Yosemite Valley as Hutchings claimed! erence is made in these texts to the "the rapidly declining sun and c.. hotel. Not until 1886, after he had finadmonishing voice from our organs ally left the Valley did he reissue an of digestion... recommend an early edition called In the Heart of the departure for the hotel and dinner. Sierras in which he used the old upper (p. 199). Hotel cut and saw fit to write "Soon Hence we claim that the pictt after its formal opening Mr. C. L. of the Falls that we found in Weed, the pioneer photographer of Stanford album was the first phcYo-Semite... (was).. among the graph ever taken in Yosemite (see first guests. The accompanying illuscut). But we can still consider tration is from the first photograph hotel photograph the first of a bu :.: ever taken in Yo-Semite and by C. L. ing in Yosemite. Weed in June 1859." It has amused us, therefore, to But Hutchings and Ewer both tesjust when this exposure was ma :tify that the party arrived long after So turning our attention to this phc -

dark and that the first morning was graph, and revisiting the site, -. spent at the base of Yosemite Falls. realized that the shadows inch:Hutchings mentions a photograph that it was made with the sun or

F (p. 195), being taken after which they west side of the building! had lunch and then rode up the means it must have been taken north bank to Mirror Lake where lunch time or soon thereafter.

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Under a hand lens the cut reveals The Hidden Portraits: four persons sitting on a bench in The engraving in these articles fall front of the hotel. The photo shows six, two had nothing to do with the into three categories; those attributed story and so were deleted by the to Mr. Weed come from the large engraver. prints; smaller plates with rounded Assuming for the moment that the corners appear to come from the four persons sitting on the bench are stereos, while others are artist ' s Mr. Hutchings, Dr. Ewer, Mrs. Ewer sketches. The concluding article, el and Miss Neil, let us see on which though Hutchings treats it as an enday they might have taken their tirely separate one, tells of his trip mid day meal at the hotel. Turning to Clark's Ranch and the Mariposa to the Ewer diary we read that they Grove. It is illustrated with sketches lunched below Bridalveil on Sunday, by George Tyrell and James Lam On Monday he went to Vernal and son, with a frontispiece of bear hunting Nevada and on Wednesday he and that resembles the work of Charles the ladies left the Valley before sunNahl or his brother Arthur. ise. However, on Tuesday the 21st The sketches that appear in the he says : "Rode around the Valley first article (October, 1859) also regenerally. " Hutchings, who spent semble the Nahl's work and one is Monday climbing to Yosemite Point obscurely signed "A.N. 55". But who with James Lawson says : "While reever the artist may have been, he cruiting a little after our fatiguing included such a wealth of detail, trip... we met the Rev. P. Veeder:" that we are forced to the conclusion, So that it appears that the 21st is the that he must have known, or in some only day the party could have been cases, been given, a remarkedly acgathered together for such a picture. curate description of everyone's apWhat evidence can we muster that pearance. Beardsley is shoeless, these four persons are our group of Clark is hatless and when they are travellers? benighted "Buck" sleeps beside the Hutchings, Ewer, Mrs. Ewer, and Miss Neil. Detail from photo on left.

James Mason Hutchings, 1859 fallen log just as Hutchings describes it on page 392. Another illustration, not used as a part of the series, shows three persons who resemble Dr. and Mrs. Ewer with Miss Neil about to depart on the "Dragon" for Stockton, Mr. Hutchings appears as a fisherman, while a stanchion near by carries a placard advertising the July issue of Hutchings' California Magazine." All this caused me to study two other cuts very closely. "The Start" is on page 149 and "Descending the Mountain to the Yosemite Valley" on page 155. In both of these pictures we see the party and their guide. With the aid of at hand lens we can see that the beards of two men in the party are trimmed as the two known portraits of Hutchings and Ewer. Similar beards are seen on the men in the group on the bench, outside the hotel. The appearance of the two women are the same as those shown in the sketches. Hence, I suggest that the persons on the bench are Hutchings, Ewer, Mrs. Ewer and Miss Neil. Furthermore, considering the faithfulness with which the others are portrayed I feel justified in supposing that in the third man we see in the two cuts is a true and reasonable likeness of Charles Weed. Beside the Yosemite views the album contains twenty pictures of "Turning the River. " In one of these I believe we can recognize the same man. But the report on those pictures will be made separately. The Photographer is Slighted: Hutchings included in his Yosemite articles, Indian legends, copy from other writers, and describes the scene around him, with such grandiloquent verbosity that we are mystified by the cavalier manner in which ment, one end of which was nearly the photographer of the expedition a foot above his head, should strike was treated. Except for the credits them and not only throw him back- ! under the cuts Mr. Weed is menwards, at the risk of his neck, but Rev. Ferdinand C. Ewer, 1859

Honed only once as a member of break the instrument into numberless the party. When they climb up the and unnecessary parts. " canyon of the South Fork to take a After speaking of the steepness of picture of Illilouette Fall Mr. Beardsthe climb, (and, of course, the scenley gets the attention as the man ery), he mentions taking certain picwho carried the camera. On page tures, the back of South Dome (Half

we read : " Mr. Beardsley who Dome) and a side view of Illilouette had volunteered to carry the camera Fall, chosen because the narrow had it inverted and strapped at his canyon prevented a full view. back, where it looked more like an And that is all! No further mention Italian Hurdy Gurdy than a photoof the camera or its operator is graphic instrument... Another carmade. Neither Ewer or Lamson mended the stereoscopic instrument and tion the photographer while in the lunch, another the plate holders and Valley and the rest of Hutchings acgun, etcetera." On page 246 as they count is designed to persuade others climbed over the rocks Hutchings to visit this eighth wonder of the continues, "It was amusing as it was world. astonishing, to see Buck advancing Nevertheless, we know that Weed sure and shoeless feet, seeking to returned with at least twenty large avoid the overhanging limbs of this glass plates and forty stereos and tree, or that rock, lest... the instruthat Mr. Vance advertised these for The Start. Hutchings mentions the scrawny horses and the artist drew them accordingly. to R - Guide, Mrs. Ewer, Miss Neil, Hutchings, Ewer and Weed.

Yosemite Falls. The first photograph taken in Yosemite Valley. Charles L. Weed, June 18, 1859, at 11:25 a.m. The original print is of The Stanford Library. sale at his San Francisco gallery. picture of the trials and tribulations Mr. Vance 's part in this story will be of a photographer during the years explained later. 1851 to 1880. This is the era of the wet A Forty Pound Camera: plate. First the camera was set up on a Before we tell what little we have sturdy, five-foot, non-folding tripod. learned concerning Charles Weed it The picture composed on the ground may be helpful to draw a wordglass, naturally all images were up-

side down. Next the operator disapthe tent before the ether in the colpeared into the previously erected lodion evaporated and much of the tent he used for a dark room. In this definition of the picture was lost. hot and airless cubicle he faced varPyrogallic acid or protosulphate of loos hazards, such as spilled chemiiron was used as a developer. The cats, invasions by curious children picture was then fixed with hypoor a disastrous blast of wind. Here sulphate of soda or cyanide of pohe carefully mixed the chemicals, tassiurn. Next the plate had to be which had to be poured evenly, allowed to dry where it would rewithout bubbles, onto the glass plate main free from dust. which was then tilted until the entire One operator, describing a photosurface was coated. Collodion congraphic jaunt made about 1860, tells kilning iodide of potassium came us his camera taking 9 " x ll " plates first; next the plate was dipped in a weighed about twenty-one pounds, bath of silver nitrate solution and each plate about one pound. Six placed in a plate holder. Speed was pictures were considered a good of the utmost importance and the day ' s work and a three minute walk sweating operator would hurry back from the darkroom tent the limit the to the camera, insert the plate, exphotographer dared to go. Again we pose it for ten seconds or even for note that when Monsieur Bisson one and a half minutes; then quickclimbed Mont Blanc, in Switzerland, hr back to the cramped interior of in July 1861, he had with him a guide A photographer 's field equipment of the 1870 ' s.

and twenty-five porters. He achieved his interval photographs of trotting the summit (15,781 ft.) with difficulty horses. His early work is signed and returned with a few plates to "Helios." In 1867 he visited Yosemite receive wide acclaim while Mr. and took a series of large scenic Weed 's earlier exertions passed alviews. His pictures measured twentymost unnoticed. two inches square and it should be From the above we can estimate noted here that he penetrated the something of the weight of the equip- " back country" as far as Tenaya ment carried on the Yosemite trip. Lake and Cathedral Peak. We have Since Mr. Weed 's plates measured already found and retaken some of about 10 " x 15 ", each piece of glass these high country pictures (and weighed about one and a half they are, in my opinion, superior to pounds and a camera to hold such those of Watkins, or his contempora plate must have weighed at least aries.) But to return to the trail of the forty pounds. To this we must add a evanescent pioneer Charles Weed. conservative hundred pounds for a From early Sacramento Directories tent, chemicals, bottles, dishes and a we learned that Mr. Weed came complete stereo outfit! from Wisconsin, was single, and Charles L. Weed and his that as early as 1885 he had his Contemporaries: own daguerrian gallery on J Street. It is also stated that Mr. Vance had All attempts to learn anything of a suite of rooms at the corner of 3rd the photographers who first clamand J Streets. By February 1858 bered up and down the rocky slopes Weed had disposed of his gallery of Yosemite with their immense and become junior partner with Mr. cameras lead back to Robert H. Vance. Deleting some of the flowery Vance, who, in 1859, was considered language of their notice, we read in San Francisco 's leading daguerrian. the Sacramento Daily Union that Besides the large main office he they have opened a gallery "which maintained rooms in Sacramento for beauty, accommodations... and and San Jose; after 1860 he opened arrangements.. is unsurpassed in others in Carson and Virginia City, California and are now ready to Nevada. furnish our patrons with AmbroOne of Yosemite 's most famous types, Photographs or Daguerreophotographers, Carleton E. Watkins types, " etc., signed, Vance and Co. worked for Vance for three years Co. (1853-1857). Later he opened his own In October 1858 Mr. Weed made a gallery on Monterey Street not far trip up the Middle Fork of the Amerfrom Vance; therefore, it seems likely ican River and penetrated at least that he knew Weed and his work. as far as Forest Hill; where he took Watkins first visited Yosemite in a series of,River Mining pictures. 1861 and thereafter returned again These were a part of the Yosemite and again, until his name became album and since 1956 we have loindelibly linked with the Valley. cated and rephotographed all of Another famous pictorialist who was them. connected with the Vance studio after While Mr. Weed was still on this it passed into the hands of Bradley trip, or had just returned to Sacraand Rulofsen was Eadweard Muymento, disaster struck in San Franbridge. He came to the west coast in cisco. Fire destroyed the third floor 1860, and is remembered best for work rooms and offices of the Vance

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gallery and water did considerable After the travellers returned to -damage in the gallery below. A vivid San Francisco, Mr. Vance advertised description, on November 2nd, in the in January, 1860 : "Stereoscopic Daily Alta mentions that Mr. Vance Views of the principal places in the "burnt his hand quite severely." State, with forty different views However, he re-opened in January, taken in the Yosemite Valley, (inbut evidently made plans to curtail cluding its immense water falls, of his own outside work, for he says in which one is twenty-five hundred one of his advertisements, "I have feet high) and of the Mariposa Big arranged. my business so that hereTrees, of which is ninety-four feet after I shall be at my rooms at all in circumference.. limes to attend personally to my And again the trail disappears unpatrons." til we learn that Charles Weed purA San Francisco directory indichased the Vance Gallery in 1861 indicates that Weed moved to San and in the city directory for 1862 we Francisco sometime during the spring see him listed as: of 1859 and resided on "Tay between "WEED. Charles L. proprietor, Clay and Sacramento, (his occupaVance 's Photographic Gallery, lion) a daguerrian artist with R. H. s.w. corner Montgomery and SacVance. " Vance mentions several of ramento. dwl. 909 Clay ". his employees in his notices but But the October 1863-64 directory never Weed unless the following does not list Weed and Bradley and refers to him, "... others connected Rulofsen now have the Vance galwith my establishment.. " From all lery A short notice in the Alta indiwe assume that Weed had moved cated that Weed 's health was bad. to San Francisco to become Mr. One more glimpse is vouchsafed Vance 's "outside man ", a position before he disappears from view. We that would make him the most logifind him back in Yosemite. It is July cal candidate to be sent on the ard1864, his old friend fames Hutchings uous Yosemite expedition. has recently purchased the upper The Yosemite Valley from Inspiration Point Trail. An early Watkins ' photograph.

hotel and we may suppose that this long forgotten man made. A Weed made it his headquarters. He fourth still awaits verification. Of revisited his old photographic sites, Weed 's first trip into the Yosemite, (but not Illilouette Fall). He took sevsome may be seen at Stanford and at eral views in Little Yosemite, reachthe Bancroft, where the Yosemite find ing the cascade under Sugarloaf is now deposited. The mining plcDome, and he travelled up Illilouette tures are also on file in the above Creek to take a view of Mount Starr institutions and in Rochester, New King. Twenty-eight of these pictures York in the Eastman Library of are in an album in the New York Photography. Public Library, all signed C. L. From all of this we can trace someWeed. They are bound with thirtything of a man and his work. A man one Yosemite pictures by Watkins, who was oblivious to rough trails, also signed. In our research on Watand blistering heat for something he kins we have found six of these considered worthwhile. We are left prints among collections attributed with a picture of a self-effacing artist, to Mr. Watkins. We can only assume skilled in exacting media, to whom that Watkins purchased the plates no physical exertion was too great if from Weed. Before that Weed ala beautiful or interesting photograph lowed them to be used as illustracould be obtained. Someday more tons in Harper 's Magazine for April may be learned of this man. But here 1866. So again we find evidence the trail fades. We are left with his that Watkins and Weed were not scenic photographs with which to only acquainted with one another, remember him and the Yosemite he but worked together too. We have saw and recorded. Perhaps that is thus found three sets of pictures that the way he would have wished it. Our Thanks Are Due: Naturally this paragraph should begin "....to my husband, without whose help this work would not have been possible." It is so true, but it is equally true of the members of the staff of the Yosemite Museum and also of the men and women in the historical libraries we have visited. The quest has lead back and forth and up and down the state. I regret, time has not permitted me to visit the libraries in the east. But during the past four years our vacations have been spent travelling from the Stanford University Library to the Huntington in San Marino; from the Bancroft in Berkeley to the California Room in the Sacramento State Library - from there to the collections of the Oregon Historical Society in Portland and back to the Bay area to The Society of California Pioneer and California Historical Society 's archieves, More material was found in the care of the History and Art Association of Monterey and in the south the rare books room at The University of California at Los Angeles furnished further clues. This then may be regarded as a preliminary report on an important facet of Yosemite history. Other aspects of our search will appear later. Meanwhile the hunt continues. Anyone wishing to help will be most welcome and we will be happy to share our work with them.

YOSEMITE

PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE AT THE YOSEMITE MUSEUM

All mail orders should be addressed to, and remittances made payable to, Yosemite NATURAL HISTORY ASSOCIATION, Yosemite NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA. Prices include postage, insurance, and on proper items, California State Sales Tax 3%, plus 1% County Tax.

GENERAL

Adams' Guide to Yosemite Valley, Illustrated $1 65 Auto Tour of Yosemite National Park - Ditton and McHenry

Campsite Finder (Western) - Hartesveldt 1 65 Climbers Guide to High Sierra - Sierra Club _ 3 25 Devils Postpile National Monument - Hartesveldt

Exploring Our National Parks and Monuments - Butcher (paper) 3 75 Exploring Our National Parks and Monuments - Butcher (cloth) 5 40 Going Light - With Backpack or Burro - Sierra Club 2 25 Happy Isles Nature Center, Your Guide to - Hubbard _.20 National Park Story in Pictures - Story __

National Parks, The - What They Mean to You and Me - Tilden (cloth) 6 20 National Parks, The - What They Mean to You and Me - Tilden (paper)

Nature Trail - Inspiration Point Self-Guiding - Carpenter

Nature Trail - Mariposa Grove Self Guiding - Wason

Outdoor Hazards - Real and Fancied - Hood - 4 25 Place Names of Yosemite Valley - Hartesveldt30 Rocks & Minerals, How to Know Them - Pearl

Starr's Guide to John Muir Trail and High Sierra Region 2 25 This is California - Obert _° 8 00 Waterfalls, Famous, of the World - Brockman

Yosemite and the Sierra Nevada - Ansel Adams & John Muir 12 70 Yosemite Story, The - Scott --°---°--•° 1 20 Yosemite Trails & Tales - Taylor.....................................................................................90

ANIMAL LIFE

Animal Tracks, Field Guide to - Murie 4 30 Birds of Pacific States - Hoffman 6 20 Birds, Western, Field Guide to - Peterson 4 30 Birds of Yosemite - Stebbins..........................°........................................................85 Fishes of Yosemite National Park - Evans-Wallis

Mammals, Field Guide to - Burt and Grossenheider 4 30 Mammals of Yosemite National Park - Parker -.60 Reptiles and Amphibians of Yosemite National Park - Walker

Survey of Sierra Nevada Bighorn - Jones ___.60

TREES AND FLOWERS

Broadleaved Trees of Yosemite National Park - Brockman

Cone-bearing Trees of Yosemite National Park - Cole

Ferns, Field Guide to - Cobb - 4 30 Sequoias, Yosemite, Guide to the - McFarland __.45 Wildflowers of the Sierra (80 color photos). Hubbard

Wildflowers, Western, Field Book of - Armstrong 5 40

HISTORY AND INDIANS

Ghost Mines of Yosemite - Hubbard (paper) _ 1.20 Ghost Mines of Yosemite - Hubbard (cloth) ___ 3.00 Gold, Guns and Ghost Towns - Chalfant 4.05 Indians, Yosemite, Yesterday and Today - Godfrey

John Muir, Protector of the Wilds - Haines-Morrill ___ 2.00 Miwok Material Culture - Barrett and Gifford (paper) _ 2.20 Miwok Material Culture - Barrett and Gifford (cloth) 3.25 Mother Lode Country, Guide to the - Brockman

100 Years in Yosemite - Russell (paper) --- 2.20 100 Years in Yosemite - Russell (cloth) __ 3.25 One Thousand California Place Names - Gudde 1.15 Steve Mather of the National Parks - Shankland 6.20 Wilderness World of John Muir, The - Teale - 4.85 Yosemite : The Story of An Idea - Huth _...----.

GEOLOGY AND MAPS

Geologic History of Yosemite Valley (Prof. Paper 160) - Matthes 5.75 Geology of Yosemite Valley, Brief Story of - Beatty

High Sierra Comp Areas, Pocket Guide to - Clark

High Sierra Camp Areas, Trail Guide to - Clark 1.15 Incomparable Valley, The - Matthes (paper).................--°.°°-°-- 2.15 Map of Yosemite National Park, Topographic - USGS _

Map of Yosemite Valley, Topographic, shaded (geology story printed on back)

North Country of Yosemite, Pocket Guide to - Clark.._._..._.._.._ -.60 North Country of Yosemite, Trail Guide to - Clark 1.15 South Boundary Country, Pocket Guide to - Clark

South Boundary Country, Trail Guide to - Clark _ L15

FOR CHILDREN

A Day with Tupi, An Indian Boy of the Sierra - Hubbard (paper) 1.20 A Day with Tupi, An Indian Boy of the Sierra - Hubbard (cloth) 3.00 Animal Friends of the Sierra - Hubbard (paper) 1.20 Animal Friends of the Sierra - Hubbard (cloth) 3.00 A National Park Adventure Hubbard (paper) 1.20 A National Park Adventure - Hubbard (cloth) _ _ _.. 3.00