August 1928

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUBERT WORK, SECRETARY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE STEPHEN T. MATHER, DIRECTOR YOSEMITE NATURE NOTES VOL. VII

August 1928

NO.8 "LEARN TO READ THE TRAIL SIDE" YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK

Calif.

This is the official publication of the Educational Department of Yosemite National Park. It is published each month by the National Park Service with the cooperation of the Yosemite Natural History Association, and its purpose is to supply dependable information on the natural history and scientific features of Yosemite National Park. The articles published herein are not copyrighted as it is intended that they shall be freely used by the press. Communications should be addressed to C. P. Russell, Park Naturalist, Yosemite National Park, California.

E, P. LEAVITT

Acting Superintendent

YOSEMITE NATURE NOTES THE PUBLICATION OF THE YOSEMITE EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT AND THE YOSEMITE NATURAL HISTORY ASSOCIATION

Published monthly Volume V1I August 1928 Number 8

THE OLDEST BIG TREE IN THE MARIPOSA GROVE

By William C. Godfrey After having witnessed the progress almost to shudder at the approach ress of civilization since the beginof a thoughtless vandal who would ning of history and being passed sink a knife into its tender cambium up by tragedies that have affected that his insignificant initials a dozen generations of pine forests, might bear witness of his visit to defying time on the spot where it the oldest living things on earth. has struggled for existence through Attractive in its bewildering conforty centuries, the Grizzly Giant struction, the old. tree holds its prostands today formidably arrayed as portions well throughout its masa hoary chieftain challenging the sive trunk to the first great limb, cruel elements and all natural ene100 feet above the ground. mies that might attack the stream When Vandals Carved of Giant Sequoias in the Mariposa Their Initials Grove. By measuring around the base of Nothing could arouse emotion of the tree, we find that the Grizzly the human heart so much as the Giant has a periphery measurement sudden reproach that strikes one at of ninety-two feet, of which but times as he visits this old man of about twenty-two feet is covered the forest, so evidently possessed of with living bark tissue. Seventy the qualities of a living thing. feet of the area around the base Inspiring, even in its horrible has been opened by forest fires, exmajesty, the Grizzly Giant stands posing the charred heartwood, alone, a thing of a forgotten age, around which a new growth of camcharred and scarred at the base and bium is slowly growing in an atwell up along its mighty trunk by tempt to conceal ugly initials and forest fires that have occurred durdates that were carved before the ing past centuries. Yet this great advent of the motorist.

old tree vigorously attempts to conThe occupants of at least 40 per ceal it wounds by slowly spreading cent of the 150 automobiles that are a blanket of new bark covering, driven past this noble monster each Like a wounded animal, it seems day between the months of May and 6I

October stop to walk around its another great limb, measured fif- -great trunk, peering through its teen feet. massive limbs to the battered spike A Decayed Limb top 204 feet above. Ancient in its appearance, this Modern Tourists limb was found to be hollowed Respect Antiquity through the center by decay and ac In spite of the multitudes who opened by striking the ground that visit the Grizzly Giant each day, it it was possible to examine the de-is most encouraging to note that cayed center under the hardened the small signs requesting that vissapwood. itors should not enter beyond the In the hollow of the limb, near circle of short posts placed about where it had broken from the tree, twenty feet from its trunk, are rewas found a nest so peculiar in conligiously observed, and that the struction that it attracted attention modern tourist, even to the most and was removed on the afternoon thoughtless, has learned to respect that it fell to the ground. Peace this living specimen of antiquity. careful examination, we found no

ARROW INDICATES WHERE NEST WAS LOCATED IN CAVITY OF LIMB. A WINDFALL FROM THE GRIZZLY GIANT

A drawing of section of a limb of the grizzly giant. The section measures five feet in length and twenty-one inches in diameter across broken surface, measuring forty-five inches around to broken edges which is about two-thirds of the circumference of the limb. During late spring of this season evidence of recent habitation in the while the region around the Marinest, which measured about fifteen posa Grove was being favored with inches in length and filled a cavity the few storms that closed a winter in the limb about nine inches in of unusually light snowfall, a dead width. limb fell from within thirty feet of The nest was built up from the the top of the old tree and broke bottom with strips of bark fibers into three pieces from the impact about three-fourths of an inch in upon striking the earth. The full width and up to ten inches in length length of the limb, which was found upon which were lighter strips of to have been a stub protruding from the tender bark of the Big Tree,

THE MONARCH OF THE MARIPOSA GROVI

John Muir studied trees all over the world and concluded that the Grizzly Giant is the oldest of living things.

grading to very fine strings of bark penetrate and establish a hold on which afforded a soft, fluffy bed. life. The whole was carefully removed With a spirit unbroken throughfrom the limb and sent to the Yoout centuries of torture, this old semite Museum, where a closer tree refuses to be discouraged, as study might be made to determine witnessed by its attempt to nurse to what creature had occupied the holmaturity a young shrub of a foreign lowed part of the ancient limb from species, which may be seen growing the top of the monarch. vigorously on the top of one of the Grizzly Giant Has No Offspring huge limbs extending from the Although the Grizzly Giant has Grizzly Giant's trunk. been protected from forest fires Supports Currant Bush on High during the past half century, is addSufficient litter to stimulate plant ing a new ring of wood cells to its growth has accumulated on top and massive trunk through each growtoward the end of this forked limb ing season, and producing a full about eighty feet above the earth. crop of cones from which seeds are There may be found, smiling in the scattered through the forest, there morning sunlight or silhouetted by are reasons for the absence of shade of midday, the light green young Sequoias over the great area leaves of a wild currant bush. How in which seeds from this great tree greatly it contrasts with the heavy might be expected to germinate. An foliage of its grand old host, who area trampled by the feet of the might be proud that in his old age thousands of spectators, until the he can spare this happy orphan earth has been worn bare as marble, from the fate of other trees that deprived of humus and packed have been trampled under foot by to a cement-like surface, could those who gaze upon the weird hardly allow a sprouting seed to limbs of God's noblest tree!

"A SOLDIER PASSES"

By C. P. Russell "Why is the flag at half-mast?" desk in the Stockton Record office. Since July 22 that question has A heart attack caused his death bebeen asked by thousands who fore more than a very few of his throng Yosemite valley. But the associates could gather at his side. question comes from those who hail Even those few were not privileged from regions far removed or from to converse with him, for death others who are uninformed in matcame very quickly. ters pertaining to conservation. To "Elmer," as he was known to na true nature lovers, who are conversant park workers and to park sant with the struggle and progress enthusiasts, was a pioneer in the of American conservation, the YoYosemite educational development semite flag at half-mast is the sad He was, in fact, the prime mover emblem of deep sorrow felt by every behind "Yosemite Nature Notes." It worker in the cause. It honors the was his generous interest that memory of Elmer Reynolds. brought about the cooperation of G. E. Reynolds died suddenly on the Stockton Record, and made posthe morning of July 21, while at his sible the production of the printed

series of NATURE NOTES. It was his Apparently there was never a moenthusiasm and deep insight in conment when the cause of conservaservation problems that made the tion was not in the mind of Elmer Out-O-Door Section of the Stockton Reynolds. In the face of great perRecord the unique journal that it is. sonal sorrows which were his, he No other publication carries the carried on week after week with no message of national parks as does cessation of enthusiasm. It is apthat feature section of the Record, parent to all who knew him that he It is known and sought for the nawas possessed of a spirit of public tion over. It stands, a monument good such as is found in few indiin itself to the energy and ability of viduals. In his passing the national G. E. Reynolds, in whose brain it parks have lost a supporter whose originated. Bound volumes for the place will not be filled. Let it be past five years repose upon the said, however, that his co-workers shelves of the Mather Library of the of the Record have avowed an inYosemite Museum. Within them are tention of maintaining his estabto be found every detail of national lished policy in conservation matparks affairs and records of all curters, and his journal will continue rent events in the field of conservato hold the place it has gained. tion—references of invaluable naThe Stockton Record of Monday, ture to be valued more and more July 23, contains beautiful tributes with the passing of the years. Into Elmer, paid by Irving Martin, Sr., scribed as they are by Mr. Reynolds Ralph Yardley, L. V. Peterson and they now become an even more others of the Record staff. Copies cherished part of the Mather collection may be had by addressing the tion. Stockton Record. It may seem strange to those of To those of us who knew him his our readers who were unacquainted untimely death brings a sorrow that with Elmer's personality to hear of is experienced but seldom, for to his unselfish editorial interest in naknow him was to truly love him. national parks affairs, but to those, The writer has experienced his let it be said, that his interest was warm friendship for six years past positively unselfish. Something of and from him has gathered encoura sacrifice was required to make the agement and inspiration which Stockton Record "the unofficial makes for happiness in life. Every weekly of the national parks." It member of the Yosemite educationrequired heavy expenditures to obal staff feels that he has suffered fain the national parks material, an irreparable loss. Quite fittingly make the cuts and give up the space our flag flies at half-mast, for G. E. used in continuously campaigning Reynolds was a soldier—a general, for a matter nation-wide and but in fact, in the cause of conservation. slightly Stocktonian. Yet Elmer's We had come to look upon him as love for the parks and all that they an integral part of the national stand for, coupled with his personpark service. Our genuine and tensilty, "sold" the project to Mr. Irv-der sympathy goes out to his family Ing Martin, president of the Record, and to the members of the Stockton And his editorial capacity produced Record staff. May we all carry on results which placed the Out-O'-Door with the same humanitarian spirit Door Section in demand from the so beautifully exemplified in Elmer Record's constituency. Reynolds.

GLEANINGS ALONG THE TRAILS IN 1928 AN OVERSTUFFED BABY

An interesting phenomenon com-was not hungry or did not have monly observed in Yosemite Valley any proper conception of the use is the feeding of a fairly large of earthworms, because he steadyoung bird, with a profused spotfastly refused to open his mouth. ted breast, by a mother robin. Mother finally succeeded in lodgOften the fluffy feathers of the ing the worm in one corner of her young bird give it an appearance offspring's bill, but even then he of being larger than its mother and, refused to co-operate, and mother as a result, it is not uncommon to had to take the worm into her own find tourists, by a natural inverbill again. Of a sudden, baby seemsion of the identity of the actors, ed to have a flash of genius, for he praising the child for feeding its tilted his head back and opened his mothers. When it is pointed out mouth wide. Mother promptly rethat the bird being fed is nothing sponded by pushing the lunch down more than the overgrown and somehis yellow throat. Apparently, what lazy child of the bird doing however, baby still did not know the feeding, praise promptly turns the rules, because he lowered his to blame... head without closing his bill, and Coming through one of the Irmothe worm slipped out and fell to lie camps the other day, I observed the ground. This exhausted even a particularly stupid performance avian patience, and mother, with on the part of one of these babies. no effort to retrieve the fallen My attention was first attracted by prize, flew away to meditate on seeing Mother Robin pulling a worm her child's backwardness, leaving from the ground. She carried it son with a proud if somewhat beto her overgrown baby on the wildered look on his face.—Ralph branch above, but either the baby Teall.

HUMMINGBIRD ANTICS

All male California humming-- space of time until within a few birds go through interesting gyrainches of the other bird. It certions during the courting season, tainly looks like a "method of slow Each species has distinctive antics approach." The tiny bird at times of its own. The Anna humminglooks as if it might be suspended bird towers and dives straight on a spider web, slowly dropping as down; the Allen humming-bird a spider does. This poising and gives a pendulum swing several lowering is followed by two or times and ends with a "shoot the three high dives ending each time chutes." The Calliope hummingwith a peculiar explosive sound. bird, the smallest of our hummers, The size is so small and the speed precedes its high dives with a most exhibited is such that it is exceedinteresting settling and poising moingly hard to follow the bird with tion. Poising in the air straight the eye. These curious antics of over the object of his affections, he the Calliope will never be forgotten slowly settles a few inches, poises by those who followed a nature and settles another few Inches, con guide to Merced Lake last week.

DECAY LEADS TO DOWNFALL

To some a tree seems to possess was infested with black ants. The no life, yet if one lives among air reeked with the formic acid trees, studying them and learning of the crushed ants, mingled with their habits, they prove to be as the pungent odor of the dripping truly alive as our other forest sap which fell readily from the friends. freshly exposed surface. Early in the afternoon, very reWhile searching about the fallen cently, a sudden loud crash sumbranches, I came upon a crushed moned the students of the Field bird, apparently killed by the sudSchool of Natural History to find den accident. It remains proved out its cause. Upon investigating to be that of a very young Califor we discovered that a large limb nia woodpecker, still unable to fly, from the Kellogg oak, standing opthus being pinned down and posite the Administration building, crushed to death. The Kellogg of had completely broken off, falling black oak is the home of the Caliand blocking the road. As we stood fornia woodpecker, the acorns bebeneath the tree regarding the ing a very important item in the fallen branch, another loud creakbird's diet. ing noise from above came as a Large broken branches which warning that more was to follow. have fallen due to heavy winds are After fully one minute, the remainfrequently observed, but in this ing portion of the main limb fell. case the cause was to be found We found the heartwood to be entirely within the tree's organism. completely rotten and decayed, perhaps due to insect attack and fun-S Elizabeth D. Crow, Yosemite gus growth. This decayed wood School of Field Natural History.

WESTERN RING-NECKED SNAKE

Each summer Yosemite museum flashing of red, which might cause workers collect and exhibit living man or other disturbers to hesitate specimens of local reptiles and amin handling the little snake. It is phibians. Recently a small Westquite likely that such movement ern ring-necked snake (Diadophis may be considered as a protective amabilis) was captured at El Sapiadaptation. tan checking station by Ranger The name "ring-necked" is deSmith and added to the collection. rived from the single band of red It is but the second specimen of the which encircles the back immedirare reptile to come to notice locally ately behind the head. Actually, since the establishment of the Yothe ring is a continuation of the red semite museum. of the ventral surface. The ring-necked snake is entirely Some years ago the writer capharmless. The specimen now in tured a Western ring-necked snake captivity habitually threshes its tail on the Kingsbury grade a few miles about when suddenly disturbed. from Carson City, Nev. The spec. Since the entire under surface is of men is now preserved in the Reno a rather bright red color, this vioHigh School collection, and presumlent manipulation of the slender ably constitutes the only record of extremity results in surprising this reptile's occurrence in Nevada. C. P. Russell.

SELECTIVE ACTION OF LATE SNOWFALL UPON HUCKLEBERRY OAK

On the afternoon of June 10 the color of the week before had given guests of the Glacier Point Hotel way to a brown and seared appearwere treated to a fall of an inch or ante in all of the larger brush more of snow. A magnificent blanareas. Dried up tips surmounted ket was formed on all the trees and every branch, but careful inspection shrubs as well as on the ground itshowed that the mature leaves self. By noon the next day the were unharmed. Now, three weeks snow had all melted away, leaving later, the dead shoots have largely in its place a surface layer of slush fallen away, but no new shoots but this in turn vanished in a have appeared to take their place few hours. and the new growth for this year During the snow storm three will be negligible. Even so, the nests previously located were visreturn to the healthy green color is ited and in every case the mother none the less appreciated. bird was found sitting patiently on A trip to Merced lake one week the nest in spite of the fact that after the storm showed that the snow was piling up all around the oak along this trail had suffered nest and that she had to keep in much the same fate. A few of the more or less constant motion to young shoots of the Western rhodokeep the snow from piling up on dendron (Rhododendron occidenher own back. These were the tale) in the more exposed portions nests of a Western wood pewee, a of Sunrise creek had also been Western robin and a Western Tonkilled, but the damage here was ager. not nearly so universal as in the A field trip three days later oak. showed the effect 'of the snow on This is a beautiful example of the plant life of the region to be species selection in weather damconfined largely to the huckleberry age. The relative immunity of the oak (Quercus vaccinifolia). All of other species of brush is probably the young shoots of this shrub, due to a different stage of advancewith the exception of those carements of the young shoots at the fully sheltered, had been killed by time. the cold. The fresh, healthy green By RALPH TEALL.

TROUBLES OF A CHICKAREE FAMILY

Camp 19 was much excited on showed scratches and some blood July 24 when a young chickaree It was picked up and taken to with its eyes still closed fell about Mrs. H. C. Bryant, who as godfifty feet out of a white fir tree. No mother, is endeavoring to raise it doubt the force of the fall was on diluted cow's milk administered broken by numerous lower by means of a medicine dropper. branches. However, the young It is ready for its meals about six squirrel landed with such a thud times a day and had developed in that it attracted the attention of three days a capacity of about one the nearby people, and its nose and one-half medicine droppers

r full. After each feeding, it curls up men was more than she would tolinto a knot in the end of an egg erate. She carried her young, one

carton, where it is kept warm with at a time, by grasping them at the an old stocking. Judging from its nape of the neck, while they curled sleek hair and ready appetite, it around her neck and clung to her promises to become just as "chic" Her burdens did not seem to interas any other chickaree. fere with her jumping from tree to The mother chickaree was distree. She found a new home in a turbed a few days later by men hollow in a black oak tree about preparing to install showers at the thirty feet from the ground. Into base of the nest tree. The dust, this she poked each of her brood noise, vibration or nearness of the and seemed perfectly contented. C. H. Oneal.

THE DIET OF "WILD DEER"

One of the biggest moments in but I have seen a big buck the life of the average camper in solemnly chewing away on one, his the Yosemite valley is the first nose completely encased in it. time that a "wild" deer conTomatoes are always welcome. Apdescends to eat daintily the food parently the deer realize that here offered him in the hand of the is an excellent source of vitamins camper. It is interesting and A, B, and C. Cabbage is eaten amusing to hear an excited squeal when nothing better is offered, but from a little camper, and "Gee, cauliflower has always been Pop! He's really eatin' out of my scorned for some reason or anhand!" However, this thrill is not other. Potato peelings are relished, necessarily limited to the small but succulent green corn husks are campers. totally ignored. I have not been The food offered these deer is able to obtain fresh spinach to feed widely varied. For the most part the deer, and my curiosity as to they are offered the scraps usually whether they like it better than relegated to the garbage can. the average child is therefore unhave seen people take food from satisfied. their table—perhaps the choicest Sweet cookies, Graham crackers bits—in the hopes that a deer and dried bread are all greedily might be tempted to approach and eaten. Cheese is usually not aoeat from their hands. During the cepted, although I have seen one past few weeks, rather sketchy doe take a piece of cheese into data has been collected relative to her mouth and then with disdain what food has been offered the spit it out and walk off with a deer in the immediate neighborreproachful look in her eye. hood of my camp, and the apparMrs. Enid Michael reports that ent enjoyment with which the food she has seen deer feed on meat has been eaten by the deer has which has been offered by camper, been noted. Perhaps through the succeeding generations the mule deer of the Perhaps the greatest delicacy Yosemite valley may evolve into an which can be proffered is the rind omnivorous rather than a strictly of a cantaloupe. At no time have herbivorous browsing mammal -I seen deer refuse this. They like Dorothy Hack, Yosemite School of

to have it broken into small pieces. Field Natural History.

EDUCATIONAL POSSIBILITIES OF THE YOSEMITE FISH HATCHERY

By Robert P. Hays In answering questions and givtion desired and told to read the ing out information at the Yosemleaflet furnished by the Fish and ite branch of the California Fish Game Commission, which gives a and Game Commission hatchery, very concise account of the nature one is amazed by the utter lack of of the work being done. knowledge in regard to the rearing Not too frequently visitors appear of young trout which most people to take pains to ask reasonable who visit the hatchery exhibit. In questions concerning the species this respect, this model hatchery is best suited to these waters, age of doing much more than the rearing releasing, rate of growth, food haband turning loose of some million its, and any number of questions trout each year. showing they are really much interThe fish hatchery serves as a ested in the work. place where the public often get Now and then some people show their first Impression of the pro-signs of disappointment on seeing gative work which is being carried that all the trout appear at first on by our state commission. It is glance to be of the same age and interesting to watch the reaction of size, but visitors for the most part the different people as they first leave the place with a feeling that see the large tanks full of active they have spent their time profityoung trout. ably and have gotten a glimpse into The nature guide on duty, exthe life relations of the elusive plaining the life history and develtrout. Not only have they absorbed opment of fish reared in an artifia few facts pertaining to the one cial way, cannot help but wonder at phase of the work of the Fish and the lack of thought behind some of Game Commission, but most of the questions with which he is conthem seem to feel a sense of satisfronted. Such questions as "Do you faction on finding out something heat the water in order to hatch the they knew so very little about. eggs?" and "Why do they all head When the hatchery exhibits speciup stream?" seems annoying by mens showing a series of stages in their very stupidity and are one the life history of the trout and type of question which leads the atwhen full grown specimens of trout tendant naturalist to be tempted to which are to be found in the pass off some bit of misinformation streams and lakes of the Yosemite and watch to see if it goes over. National Park are exhibited in the But generally the inquiring person new aquaria, a great need will be is told briefly the correct informasatisfactorily fulfilled.

THE YOSEMITE EDUCATIONAL STAFF

By C. P. Russell In spite of smaller numbers of M. B. Nichols, Ph. B., acting divisitors in the park, the Yosemite rector Yosemite School of Field educational department continues Natural History. to show a gain in numbers served. Enid Michael, ranger naturalist. This gain results from wider extenMabel Hibbard, A. B., M. A., rang-don of educational activities and er naturalist.

better advertising of the nature Robert Hays, A. B., ranger natuguide activities. Organizations of ralist. boys, girls and women are arrangC. A. Harwell, A. B., ranger natIng for special service in advance uralist. of their arrival, and though more D. D. McLean, ranger naturalist. staff members are employed than Ralph Teall, A. B., ranger nat.In former years, the educational deuralist.

partment is taxed to meet the deC. H. Oneal, A. B., ranger natmands made upon it. uralist. The following educators are emL. J. Heinrich, A. B., ranger natployed for 1928: uralist. Throughout the year : J. Rose, A. B., ranger naturalist C. P. Russell, A. B., M. A., park (Hetch Hetchy), cooperation of naturalist. ranger department. George M. Wright, A. B., assistant Mrs. C. P. Russell, A. B., stenogpark naturalist. rapher and museum secretary. William Godfrey, ranger naturalMrs. H. J. Taylor, librarian, and 1st (Mariposa Grove), cooperation Miss Selma Werner, museum asof ranger department. sistant, have contributed importantRobert Selby, museum attendant. ly to the summer program by doNature guide work of summer noting their services. The Yosemmonths : ite Park and Curry Company has H. C. Bryant, A. B., Ph. D., direc continued in supporting the educator Yosemite School of Field Natutional work. One of the temporary ral History (absent in July, 1928). ranger naturalists is salaried by that company.

GLACIER POINT LOOKOUT OPENED

By C. P. Russell On May 31 educational work was informational service at the lookinstituted at the Glacier Point outout, and evening lectures in all post. Assistant Park Naturalist hotel lobby have been maintained. George Wright established camp Good groups have been consistent near the Glacier Point Hotel and in making the field trips, and in offered his first field trip on the general it may be said that public morning of June 1. Since that date response to the Glacier Point edua regular schedule of trips afield, cational work is better than ever

NATURE GUIDE SERVICE ESTABLISHED AT HETCH HETCHY

By C. P. Russell Another forward step in the YoHetch Hetchy for the purpose of semite educational work of 1928 is viewing the great dam which imthe establishment of nature guide pounds Hetch Hetchy Lake. Trainservice at Hetch Hetchy. Rangering in engineering has prepared Mr. naturalist J. Rose, A. B., will be Rose to impart information on this stationed there for the purpose of unfortunate man-made scar within meeting visitors and explaining the the park, but his purpose there is significance of geological formato minimize wonders of concrete tions and native living things. More construction and to point out nathan a few park visitors journey to ture's manifestations.

RECENT MUSEUM ACCESSIONS

By C. P. Russell The very new and interesting ing items: A small plant press, seed book of national parks, "Oh, Ranger," pod of Lengua vaca, one specimen er," by H. M. Albright and F. J. of Peruvian fuel plant, pair of Taylor, was received from the StanPeruvian sandals, Apache beaded ford University Press. hat band, knife scabbard, arrow The Yosemite Natural History holders and moccasins. Association presented additional C. M. Monger gave a charm stone copies of "Birds of the Pacific from Tulare lake. States," by Ralph Hoffman and A large framed photo of Dr. J. T. "Flowering Plants of California," by McLean (of Coulterville road fame) W. L. Jepson. was received from Mrs. Jeannette Bulletin No. 86, United States GeoTraxler. logical Survey, was received from The Alma J. Brown estate preMrs. H. J. Taylor. sented twenty-five valuable Indian D. K. Stoddard gave a large baskets and 163 arrow points. photo of the first wagon to travel Three historic photos taken in the the El Portal road in 1907. Mariposa Grove of Big Trees were W. P. Bartlett presented a copy received from G. W. Safford. of his historical volume, "HappenAn anonymous donor gave $25 ings." with which to purchase additional A portrait of "Bodie," old-time lantern slides. Yosemite guide, was obtained from M. P. Skinner supplied files of the Mrs. James Barnett. first NATURE NOTES from Yellowstone Mrs. Pearl Chase gave the followthe earliest educational pamphlets, prepared in a national park. C1.9

YOSEMITE NATURAL HISTORY ASSOCIATION YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK CALIFORNIA WAITE MUSEUM

Dear Friend: Here are three good reasons why you should Become a member of the Yosemite Natural History Association: 1. It will keep you in touch with Yosemite through "Yosemite Nature Notes". 2. It offers you opportunity to secure NATURE MAGAZINE, AMERICAN FORESTS AND FOREST LIFE, or both, at an unprecedented low price. 3. You materially aid a non-profiting Government educational activity (The Yosemite Museum and its attendant nature guide service) when you remit your membership fee. Please read a sample of "Yosemite Nature Notes", consider our purposes, and don't overlook the benefits of the combination offers with the American Nature Association and the American Forestry Associa tion. Remit by check or money order. Cordially yours, C. P. Russell Park Naturalist