August 1930

The Yosemite Museum Volume IX

AUGUST, 1930

Number S Department of the Interior Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary National Park Service Horace M. Albright; Director

YOSEMITE NATURE NOTES THE PUBLICATION OF THE YOSEMITE EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT AND THE YOSEMITE NATURAL HISTORY ASSOCIATION

Published monthly Volume IX. August -1930 Number 8

CONSTRUCTION OF COULTERVILLE -ROAD RECALLED BY V. BRUSCHI

By Mrs. H, J. Taylor Librarian, Yosemite National Park Recently Virgilio Bruschi, 905 Everything used in the Valley was 20th street, San Diego, Was a visitor packed in,over one of the three at the Yosemite Museum. He has trails, viz.; via Crane Flat; a second lived in San Diego - many years, by Bull Creek, Jenkins Hill and the where for 12 years he was a memMerced river : the third from Mariber of the Common Councif His deposa via the South Fork. At the notion to the city's welfare made junction if the South Fork and the him a beloved and highly respected Merced was,a store and a saloon. citizen. Mr. Bruschi's early life was This.was known as McCann s spent in Coulterville. He.-related Station. some of his early experiences,, ssIn 1868 Virgilio Brusch'., with his pecially his contact.with the con uncle, Peter.Castgnitto, a gardener struction of the Coulterville road. made. his first trip into the -Valley the first to be built into the Valley Castgnitto supplied all the vegesMr. Bruschi's father, Francis Errs tables for -A. G Black's and Leischi, opened a general store 'n dig's hotels at this time Potatoes Coulterville In 1853. Coulterville sold for 10 cents a pound : lettuce was first called Bandarita (Little 15 to 20 cents a head; flour 30 Flag). Here Virgilio was born in pounds for- 'six dollars About 1868 1858, the second of a family of 12 Johnny Hennesey started a vegechildren, all born in Coulterville table garden near El Portal, which The population of Coulterville, the helped greatly to supply the hotels second biggest, mining. camp in and made prices lower. Mariposa County, was about five In 1872, Dr. McClain got the conthousand at that time.. :Virgilio. cession from the Government i„ worked as a packer with his father make a toll road from Coulterville li

via Bower Cave, Hazel Green; Mymule cairied two kegs of nails of ers Ranch, and the Cascades into 100 pounds each. This mule was the Valley. It was completed in knocked off the trail at the Cas1874 without any serious accident. cades near where Hutchings was Francis Bruschi was agent for the killed. The mule;tell. _ors his back Giant Powder Company; santlj-Vierthe r ocks. ThO 'kegs every gilio packed in all the powder Oar kn, McClain used for 4li1fis"tir iin the direotion, The mule with his feet construction of the Coulterville sfr~3 013' f the air,t ilay: pipned road. His train consisted of four to In,. a helpless condition. It "took eight mules, „each carrying four se r ai"->liourts to free' him. Once powder boxes' o J50r'poynds each back on the trail, he seemed no From Coulterville to the Valley was worse for his experience. a trip of two days. The first night Packing had its risks One expe was usually spent at Crane Flat or rience impressed itself indelibly on Furgeson Mine. Crane Flat was a, Mr. Bruschi. Mrs. A. G. Back sheep camp where often as many - wife of the hotel keeper, wanted a as 25,000 sheep camped. They parlor stove. The mule carrying it lambed either on the plains or was pushed off the trail and, fall along the coast. ing on the rocks, the cast Iron stove The tollkeeper was stationed at was broken to pieces. "I'll never forget that," said Mr. Brusch, the Cascades. A single mule was 25.'because I had to pay for it it cents. A pack mule loaded was 50 igosepa just $18.50.” cents. In order to beat the toil, Mr. Bruschi told of a big Indian Virgilio Brusobi ppt,aall,the aparejo celebration in 1875. To this pow on two mules, just befoj''e' reacnfing iwow came -Diggers 141ans from the toll gate. Thu only ttslit: mule;Bull :Creek,,Coulterville, Greeks paid the 5O-cent tolls TIER,,single j i:ll, Big Creek and -Sonora --ix.p: mules went-in fos 2 cents,-8,oston, proximately 1500 There were songs, the tollkeep; w~s..kdll#d;for rlun-`' dant`,es, gatrte§l'and :races...-Every der by two „ Indians named Zip !and thttfg in; the valley was, to come an'i Tom, who were sent lay San, ', ge as you please; and.this include i Quentin. n.,

Virgilio Si'rtt~tihi•' Was as 'the -Indians said r Bruschi:, a vied by his brother Fred wheal they first shnemall1r was Beamo. packed in the German c bthetr.k boldi~"" Most Y evei17 hing.' maker, Adolph Sinning. On this boot, 'ranci0rusehinaiko made, trip there Were nine Mules.Its;ith'.l ots Vat $20'r& fla

ir and guaranteed train. When they' dame +to.l'.ergi,t,,tlrei a fo rrxir o'ne year f son Mine the mule :loaded with verything tier the valley was Starling's teals and goods*µsh,erl_,open ite' cahl'p Wh`ero>"irou pleasen, the mule behind hilt 'and both tell,putt a 'stoi•e`any -spots you chose; over the trail It tools half.- a dr y, fish atiywtie'tfe kf all pall wanted to get the two dillies out of, tb,e t're Indiaris bfWn aold:25; to 30 fish rocks. No bones were brokep.put, for 25 cefrts "- id")Mr..;~rusphi. one mule Alias So badly injtt{ed th{rl;pp being askew atsot t gald;fhyg, he was itrr' the stable.fpr,„tv 9 ts, Mr„Bru3 ii 'said, :'Tue';arge t months. Shining made; glpv a9n t uggef 'l : porer i''gaw weigi gd 24 jewel boxes, canes 11ttt}e, tables aril pounds. Ether fit mint hl-Calitpr novelties, all showing. the rwork of nia was "rsa.t "Mentofee were an expert craftsmap 35oln tg of'' Ala; l0-Poland'-oct#gbnai slug was es redwood pieces are now r tr our^ Yd which

rk.' the stamp of ilil; Semite Museum ll `'>~'d~hia.. Mr Bruschi had another expert 'fie slsalt Ph glad toa,gein halt!b, ence on the trail. His train was Mr. Bruschi as, a visitor to fAiii3b' loaded with general supplies. One valley.

Origin of the Name Sequoia By ALFRED J. BELLUE a w Botanists who have genera to as in his estimation, it added greatpublish read article 48 of "Law of ly to the importance and poetical

Nomenclature," and show judgment significance of the name, and taste by attending to certain Sir Joseph D. Hookgr, who. was rules, one Of which is to give the the director of the Royal Kew Garetymology of each name. dens,, skated. in..1880 that he had In the case of Sequoia, the Aussearched -in vain for. any printed tralian botanist, S. L. Endlicher, ' idformation as to whether Sequoia who published the genus in 1847, did was named in honor of an Amer not make any statement whatever icon Indian. of the origin of the name, leaving Alphonse - De Candolle, early lead its meaning to be inferred. In an ing authprity, in. the ' field Of. botany early number of the ":Gardener's.and leading European dendrologist, Monthly," a learned writer, J. Hstated that the supposed origin of Lippincott, who was acquainted the word Sequoia is entirely fanciwith the associates of Endlicher, ful, having no basis;. also that E,nd,stated that Sequoia was. derived lichen

4eepp§ Dever to.have said from "Sequoyah,' the Indian name why,,he.had taken this name. „ of George Guess, a half-breed, Karl Goch,, hi Denc)efolo,gy,, j87ds, Cherokee, who has the distinction Vol. 2, Part Il, Page 173, says : "It of having invented a syllabic alphahas its.origin,In.,Califorpia," but he bet for his tribe. gives no prpo of, the aasertiort, perProfessor Whitney, Dr. Engelhaps assuming that the name from its appearance originated, or was mann, Charles Sprague Sargent, Dr. taken up from some native word by W. L. Jepson George B. Sudworth, the native California Indians. Dr. L. H. Bailey, and many other De Candolle, born in 1806, was noted men, have quoted this explacontemporary with Endlicher, so is nation of the origin down to date. enabled to know as much about the In 1858 Gordon published in his origin ofthe word as anyone. I1 first edition of Pinetum. regarding seems regrettable that the opinion Sequoia--"name not explained.” of contemporaries,of Endlicher reIn 1877 Dr 'Gray made the followgarding his ohaice of„the name Se ing statement regarding the true quoia should not be ' given more origin of Sequoia: The report of its weight by our present day botanists being derived from Sequoyah, the This lack of due consideration has Cherokee, was doubtless an afterresulted in obscuring what might math. Undoubtedly Endlicher dehave been the original intent of rived his name f 'r'om Sequl or. Se-. E.ndl cher, ip regard to the deriva quor, alluding to the well known tion of the - word Sequoia, namely fact that our Redwoods are the folSequi or Sequor, alluding to the lowers or remnants of several cowell-known fact that our Redwoods le".r-.cl c'*.inct spee 'es " T'he writer are the followers or remnants of read of this explanation with joy, several colossal extinct species

Yosemite Junior Nature School By J. WENDELL HOWE, Ranger-Naturalist The Yosemite Junior Nature has been carried out this summer School was organized the last week includes an opening exercise and of June this year by the educational roll call in the clubroom of the mudepartment to provide the children seum, followed by a short walk to with an organized program of naa convenient and cool spot outside, ture study in the valley during the where the children discuss the subsummer The nature school plan ject of the day as a whole. Folsupersedes the so-called nature lowing this discussion, which ordiwalks which have been held for narily lasts about 30 to 40 minutes, children in past summers. the whole group is divided into The Junior. school runs for six three portions. divisions are made weeks, terminating the week before to include children in the following the local schools open. During this groups : Group A, first to fourth time those attending have ample grades inclusive; Group B, fifth to opportunity to study all features of eighth grades inclusive; Group C, natural science, utilizing the mahigh school ages. The high school terial in the museum and the outgroup is taken by the ranger-natof-doors.. The course is divided into uralist in charge and the two smallsix parts, each subject being given er groups are conducted by the two on the same day each week. Thus, mothers assisting for that day. The on Mondays trees are studied; on Thursdays, birds; Wednesdays, two younger groups usually return flowers; Thursdays, animals; Frito the museum to be dismissed in days, geology, and Saturdays, Inan hour's time, while the older dians. On each day a complete lesgroup remains out for one and a son is given. This enables children half to two hours, depending on the of families who do not remain in destination of the walk, material in the valley very long to obtain a sight and other factors. complete understanding of one parThe Yosemite valley is particuticular subject by attending only larly rich in natural phenomena one day On the first Monday a which awaken the interest of the study of the Iocal pine trees was normal child and give rise to a carried on. The children examined great many questions in his mind. the types of pines found in the valThese questions must be answered ley and Iearned to tell the difference in order that he may gain an idea between them by the number of of the causes of nature's land marks needles in a bundle, cones and bark. around him. If a child is with a The school work is in charge of group of adults, his questions, which two ranger-naturalists who haxe to many of them will seem too elehad previous experience in this type mentary and in many cases too simof work, and they are assisted by ple, are usually ignored by the natseveral of the ladies resident in the uralist in charge of the party for valley. This plan has worked out obvious reasons. In case they are very well because it enables the Nanot ignored, the answering soon tional Park Service to provide intires the older ones, to whom this struction 'to children in groups aeinformation is already known. cording to age and intelligence and Therefore,.a need arises for a careat the same time does not require fully selected group, according to a large' personnel. The plan which age and intelligence, in which the

child will feel perfectly at home things actually present. It attempts with the leader and the rest of the to use the objects at hand not mereparty. Such a condition will cause ly to stimulate questions, but to him to ask questions in his own stimulate individual thinking as to way and make possible giving anthe causes of certain, things. ewers fitted to needs. We find that children and parThe Junior Nature School atexits are responding with enthusitempts to go a little further than asm to this idea. The attendance does the average nature guide walk, during the first season has been ex- %, Inch especially brings about questremely gratifying, inasmuch as no t.cns concerning things observed at advertising effort was specifically the trail side and so does not stimumade. The average attendance late thinking much beyond the thus far has been 30. Playing Tag With a Chickaree By LLOYD C. SWEETMAN, Ranger-Naturalist One of the joys of living in YoLast evening he gave the camp semite is the opportunity one has a half hour of most delightful enof making the intimate acquaint tertainment. Several times he has ance of many of the animal reelfollowed me as I have gone for dents. In our cam's we have two water but on this occasion he black-headed grosbeaks, a robbin, chased me about the camp. The a fawn and a red squirrel or faster I would run the faster he chickaree, all of them so friendly would gallop along after me. Quick that they have no fear of any of turns around the trees meant nothus. Kindness wins us many friends ing to him, for he would leap to not only among men but among the tree trunk and meet me as I animals and the rewards in both came around the other side. It cases are great was comical to see him dash along Not long ago I came into posbehind flipping his tail. It was not session of a chickaree about a week long before the entire camp was old, evidently suffering from a enjoying the episode and the chitbroken leg caused by a fall from dren ran out to see the game. Pee its nest. With careful attention Wee was full of life and as the the leg healed and during the children ran out to watch him he process we became fast friends. gave chase after them seeming to Today our camp has a most interdelight in making them scream. esting member, a friend of all who When we finally became tired do not break faith with him and from our constant running he the cause of many moments of climbed up a nearby tree and hilarious laughter. begged for more. I called him Pee Wee runs about the camp down, fed him his milk and crackfree of any confines and we may ers, stroked his bead and in a few find him in the bottom of the minutes he jumped from the table, clothes basket, In the sugar bowl, ran along the boards of the tent on the bed or out on a branch down into the pocket of an old about 20 or 30 feet above the sweater hanging on the wall, curled ground. One must be constantly up and went fast asleep on the lookout for the tiny fellow Hours of joy can be ours if we as he runs trustingly about the will but teach our animal friends ground or the floor of the tents. that we can be trusted Patien~ :v It Is not uncommon for him to waiting, slow movements, steady crawl in bed with the neighbors feeding and absence of mauling will and ma ne the rest of the night reward one with a felAnd,l,ln that asleep in one spot, is most wurthwhile,

AFIELD WITH RANGER NATURALISTS GREAT ABUNDANCE OF PINE

be hoped that they will continue to

DROPS AND SNOW PLANT

flourish and multiply, furnishing brilliant contrasts of color in the By Ranger-Naturalist P. J. White dim shade of the forest. The unprecedented increase in

HORNED TOAD FOUND IN

the number of pine drops (Ptero

YOSEMITE

spora andromedea) and snow plant (Sarcodes sanguinea), reported as By Ranger-Naturalist C. C. Preanall seen during the past week, indicates an unusually good season for theseO ne of the noteworthy acquisi saprophytes. tions of the Yosemite Museum durThis writer and his High Sierra ing June was a live California party counted more than 100 beau horned toad (phrynosoma blainvil tiful examples of this most popular Frontale), collected near the mountain plant, the snow plant, Yosemite Lode by Ranger John along the trail from Tenaya Lake to Yosemite Valley. It was a thrill never to be forgotten when the party unexpectedly came upon a large group of this scarlet miracle, making a flash of brilliant color in the shadow of the darkened forest. Thirty-one were counted growing in such a compact group that they all could be encircled by your two arms. Another such a group was reported near the trail back of North Dome. On the floor of the valley we do not find the snow plant in bloom during July, but to take its place we have the pine drop, sending up its pale, slender stem beneath the pine trees. Owing the past few years, this plant, which lives on rotting wood and is therefore a saprophyte, has become quite rare. This year, on the Lost Arrow trail, more crocus shows 13 pine drops where not three or four grew last summer. It is a constant source of gratification to the park visitor to see so many of these most interesting plants which have no chlorophyll or green color, with which to manufacture their own food. It is to be hoped that they will continue to flourish and multiply, furnishing brilliant contrasts of color in the dim shade of the forest.

HORNED TOAD FOUND IN YOSEMITE

By Ranger-Naturalist C. C. Preanall

One of the noteworthy acquisitions of the Yosemite Museum during June was a live California horned toad (phrynosoma blainvillei Frontale), collected near the Yosemite Lode by Ranger John Ringaman. Although this species to Yosemite Valley. It was a thrill is common in the San Joaquin galnever to be 'forgotten when the fey up to an elevation of 3000 feet, party unexpectedly came upon a there is no previous record of its large group of this scarlet miracle, occurrence in Yosemite National making a flash of brilliant color in Park. Grinnell and Storer in the shadow of the darkened forest "Animal ` Life in the Yosemite" Thirty-one were counted growing state that their hi ghest record for in such a compact group that they horned toads was t Smith creek, all could be encircled by your two outside the park boundary, and at arms Another such a group was about 3000 feet elevation. Dr H reported near the trail back of C. Bryant informs me that this is North Dome. the first horned toad hat he has On.the floor of the valley we.do seen in Yosemite. Inquiry among not 'Find the snow plant in hiaom several old residents of Yosemite during July, but to take iRS place has failed to bring to light any we have therpine drop, sending up previous occurrence of horned rte tail,.,,slidei stem beneath the toads in the valley This would pine trees. tenting the past few lead one to think that perhaps the year, this plan!, which lives on rot specimen which we have was acci tins,, Wood and is therefore a dentally brought in by some tour sap?, phyte, his b ecome quite rare. ist. This veer, en the Lost Arrow trail, Ranger Bingaman found the i crocus shows 13 pine drops where specimen on June 15 in a warm, mt three or four grew last summer. sandy spot near the north wall of It +oconstant source of gratifithe valley at an elevation of 4000 atioc to the park visitor to see so zany of these most interesting feet. He says it was running about lants which have no chlorophyll in the sand, catching flies or other r green color, with which to man insects. It measures 13.5 ccnt`ri a~ t ui their own food. It is to eters.

Yosemite Bird ReiiOrie-f-iii-Jitne,719AQ, 'ra''idaNie'Paanger-Naturalist Ornithologically the;,.q.ap....-ndi.fig-r". m-onth: Qxsl„y one jig4ting pair disfeature of the month in OseMitdcbvereds Valley was, of tsourse,4! the,activiBelted 4Ang-t1s er''qAt least. two: ties of our various nesting blrdi nesting, pairs, probably three. These Taken as a while the weather was birds; hold their own,. but seeqt) kindly to them. There was days never, to., increase the number;of when the weather was top hot' for.nesting pairs. comfort while brooding birds Sat 2.Hairy Wpodpecker—Several nests panting on their nests to shelter 2 1ng.-pairs.,. Younghad all. left the eggs or young from.. excessive heat. nests by the middle of the month. And there was one. heavy downWillow Woodpecker's Rare.;;;.A pour of rain about the middle of family,, of young just out of the,nesk, the month whenshivering birds sat was noted June 30. sheltering theirl eggs and 'young.. White -Headed''= Woodp e e,ke Only 53 species of birds were Probably,.four nesting pairs. Of noted by us daring the month -the three nests under observation which number brought out ' 10-year young remains "in 'only. one. nest:at average of species noted during the end of the month. June down to 54.8., No sort of duck ' PlIe.ated Woodpecker — A lone was noted during the, month. Audue''bird noted oh two occasions: bon Warbler,. Townsend solitaire caAfornia Woodpecker—Common.. and hermit thrush, all birds that we in all of the'Kellogg oak. groves. expect to note occasionally during Youngbirde'lsoth abroad and still June, were also missMg. PechaPs in t1c1' nest the last day;of the' also the light winter and the *Arm. June weather caused many birdsto and''—hafted Flicker—At. least wander higher into the mountains ft.hr9k;zibsting''Pairs withIn.a,mile, to spend the summer. Or'-possibly; thenew village. The. young _of, the the valley is becoming improved beone 4140• ac,t-t.OY '.discovered were. yond the liking of certain species.. still in the nest Orl : :the. Iast day of In any event, there was a noticeable AIL, month. lack of bird life in Yosemite Valley On -June 3, IQ birds this year both in regard to 'number gwere,seen'saning''Ltagetheit'. Alter of species and number of indis this jaf lone bi'sdssweae occ,aslonviduals. ally edEn.. !. Suotted Sandpipex—Preeent daily. WbIte-th,rbated.S.ielft,P:r,ers eurt,;c. Three pairs to the' Mile along the daily; The.' 1inaI ncefLng c''19*af.s river. Nest with,four eggsrioted,tobeOurills'behl't;the'.vkIleYs...is., r,. June 30.., : sCillOpe " 0 Iftiuninghted-274. I-Nne Band-Tailed doubt --vale w'as noted daily until June 111 present daily. 'Probably four nests, On une 20',;s'f0male mg pairs. Nest.in the' process of. Black plibebe's A lonethlr„d &een,,

construction noted __74Pe Alta.27 9L'cl... —,., Sharp-Shinned' k=-A single : Woo"i ew A"' bird noted June, 1. common birds. Many nests discov' Cooper Hawk sTA,,lone bird noted.P.M.1 had as yetAft the ", June 29 : upst.ost the last day ofthe; worth.;:." Golden Eagle —A lone bird twice Train noted during:, the last week.of the but,net in alf the nurpheIrli.Pfi month. Two of,observed. er years. One pair seen atY‘' 1''A above Eagle Peak by park natured-..nest:,lune 30. s,tJ. ist June 1R,,., Western Flynateber-ti-TTal)ablY,;i Sparrow Hst*k s-'-S dhm j. seen,two,liest rig pairs. &long : Tesislys during the..month, but, on June 29 creek. Wei* 'Mlitbr lalcm-4,.:IA: nesW two occupied nests,*ere discovered.,. d'seevered and birds not)acttftd ettgo'-, Horned Owl—A lone bird noted where '.... on four evenings..0teasaionally. :,Pin''e-fronted Jay--one mei, the beard at night.,. '... - ';.nonillion. nesting birds. 34totIt...;the.. Pigmy.tblivyoga ief't the nestihy.'Owl-Mere ' tt? end

of the monttn mg bird, but not so numerous as in Red-winged Blackbird—Perhaps other years. Most of the young out a dozer nesting pairs. Birds still of the nest before the end of the being fed in the nest on the last month. day of the month. Cassin Vireo—Not so numerous Brewer Blackbird Young out of as in other years, but many nests the nest early in the month. Many were found. By the and of the had left the valley before the en.! month young had left some nests of the month. For some unknown while other pairs of Cassins were Lesson the Brewers. deserted the still incubating eggs. mistletoe bunches andwere again Calaveras Warbler—Common on nesting in the pines. the oak-covered talus slopes but Evening Grosbeak-Present daily seldom seen on the floor of the valThree nests discovered. No young ley. Last heard Singing June 30. birds out of the nest were seen dur Yellow 'Warbler---The most coming the month. mon warbler. Several nests, all in California Purple Finch-Perhaps willow trees. five nesting pairs within a mile of Black-throated Gray Warbler— the village. Seldom `noted, after the first week White-clowned Sparrow —Alone of the month.; bird seen June 1. Hermit Warbler—At least four Chipping Sparrow—Rather coinnesting -pairs within a mile of the mon nesting birds. Most of the village. Young out of the nest young were out of the nests before June 30. the end of the month. Tolmie Warbler--Probably f've Sierra Junco—Not one of the nesting pairs within a mile of the most common birds. Several nests village. Nest containing four young discovered. Young out of the nest birds seen June ll. by the middle of the month. A 'nest Pileolated Warbler—A lone bird on the last day of June had. three noted June 1. eggs. Water Ouzel—A lone bird noted Lincoln Sparrow—Not noted ex_ at Happy Isles June 26. cept for a single pair whose nest Canyon Wren—Rare. However, was found. Young, in the nest bepairs were always to be found in ing fed June ll. three different sections of the valSacramento Towhee—The usual ley. number of nesting pairs to be found Sierra Creeper—Found in all seeabout the valley. Unhatched eggs tions of the valley. Young out of still !nthe nest on the last day of the nests early in the month. One the month. pair of birds still incubating eggs Black-headed Grosbeak -- The on the last day of the month. most common nesting bird this ' Red-breasted Nuthatch—Perhaps year. Full grown young out of the a half-dozen pairs nested in the vainest and birds still incubating eggs by. So far as is known all young on June 30. had left the nests by the middle of Lazuli Bunting—A singing male the month. noted June 13 and 14. Mountain Chickadee — Probably Western Tanager—As usual not ' two nesting pairs, although we an uncommon nesting bird. Young failed to actually find their nests. still being fed in the nest on the Western Gnatcateher—A. lone last day of the month. Young out bird was present in the oaks abou t. of the. nest were, first noted June 25. the new village June 26, 27. 28 end Violet-green Swallow-Probably 29. June 26 the bird was seen cars few pairs nesting in the valley. rying bark, fiber as though at work Lone birds noted almost daily. - on a. nest. Young being fed in the nest June 23. Russet-backed Thrush —Rare. Rough-winged Swallow—Three.possibly four nesting pairs withir pairs, perhaps four, nesting in the a mile of the village. valley. -Young still in the nest on Western

Robin—Next. to, the the last day of the monthand on black-headed grosbeak, the most June 30 a-bird was seen picking up common nesting bird. In other pine needles as though she was years the robin was always the lust starting nest. most common bird. Some robins Warbling Vireo—A common neoistill lnrubntlng esege on June "A.

This is the official publication of the Educational Department of Yosemite National Park It is published each month Dy the National Park Service with the cooperation of the Yosemite Natural History Association, and its purpose is to supply authoritative information on the natural history and scientific features of Yosemite National Park. The articles published herein are not copyrighted as it is intended that they shall be freely used by the press. Correspondence should be addressed to C. A. Harwell, Park Naturalist, Yosemite National Park, California.

C. G THOMSON

Superintendent

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